Cardiovascular: Diuretics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cardiovascular: Diuretics Deck (18)
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1
Q

What medical conditions can thiazides cause?

A

diabetes (hyperglycaemia)

Gout (hyperuricaemia)

2
Q

Which thiazide diuretics are preferred in hypertension

A

Indapamide and chortalidone

3
Q

Which thiazide can be used in renal impairment?

A

Only metolazone - others are ineffective in egfr <30

4
Q

what is the risk of infusing IV fuosemide too quickly?

A

AKI/acute retention

5
Q

what medical conditions can loop diuretics precipitate ?

A

diabetes and gout

6
Q

what are the serious adverse effects of loop diuretics

A

ototoxicity and tinnitis/deafness

acute urinary retention if infused too quickly/too rapid diuresis

7
Q

What metabolic disturbances to loop diuretics cause

A

Based on MoA inhibiting Na/K/Cl transporter-inhibition of reabsorption to excrete fluid in urine

  • hyponatraemia
  • hypokalaemia
  • hypomangesaemia
  • Hypo Cl-
  • hypocalcaeemia
8
Q

wha is a side effect of torsademide

A

musculoskeletal pain

9
Q

what condition would you caution loops in

A

BPH

any medications that concomitantly increase/cause ototoxicity

10
Q

name potassium sparing diuretics

A

amiloride

triamterine

11
Q

what colour urine can triamterine cause?

A

blue

12
Q

name aldosterone antagonists

A

spironolactone

eplerenone

13
Q

what is an MHRA alert regarding aldosterone antagonists

A

concomittant AA and acei/arb in heart failure - risk of potentially fatal hyperkalaemia- monitor

14
Q

Name side effects of spironolactone

A

gynecomastia /breast tumours/menstrual disturbances
hypertrichosis
changes in libido
electrolyte: hypokalaeemia, hyperuricaemia, hyponatraemia

15
Q

what is an osmotic diuretic and when is it used

A

Mannitol - use in cerebral oedema/. high intracranial pressure

16
Q

What is treatment of simple gravitational oedema in the elderly?

A

Try alternatives fist e.g. stockings, raising legs and movements
can use a low dose diuretic after this but not for long term use due to risk of falls

17
Q

What is eplerenone licensed in

A

post MI with LVD and heart failure

18
Q

What are key interactions with eplerenone and max dose if concomittant use

A

Enzyme inhibitors / clai/ery/ketoconazole

Max dose 25mg/day if concomittant amiodarone or potent CYP inhibitors