Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

It is responsible for the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and other essentials to cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from cells. In addition, the system helps fight infection.

Answer 1

Circulatory system

Question 2

It is defined as a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure of greater than 90mmHg. Major risk factors for CAD, CVD, and death.

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Refers to the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle and measured in Lpm.

Answer 3

Cardiac output

Question 4

Resistance to blood flow is determined by the diameter of the blood vessels and vascular musculature.

Answer 4

SVR

Question 5

What is the goal of antihypertensive therapy?

Answer 5

Reduction of cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality.

Question 6

Drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation that results to the removal of sodium and water from the body.

Answer 6

Diuretics

Question 7

A non-absorbable solute that works on the entire nephron esp. LoH and PCT. Increases osmotic pull in the filtrate which produces a rapid diuresis.

Answer 7

Mannitol

Question 8

A diuretic that works on the collecting ducts and DCT by blocking the aldosterone receptor.

Answer 8

Potassium-sparing

Question 9

A diuretic that works in the DCT by inhibiting Na, K, and Cl resulting to osmotic water loss; can cause direct relaxation of arterioles which decreased afterload.

Answer 9

Thiazides

Question 10

A type of angina that is intense but subsides within 15 mins of rest or medication and is caused mainly by atherosclerosis and can be triggered by exertion or stress (cold, emotions) and exacerbated by smoking, alcohol, coffee, and some drugs.

Answer 10

Chronic stable angina

Question 11

A type of angina which an early stage of progressive artery disease characterized by pain increasing in severity and frequency and may even occur at rest.

Answer 11

Unstable angina

Question 12

A type of angina from spasms of the smooth muscle that surrounds the coronary arteries and occurs at rest without any triggers but usually occurs at the same time of day.

Answer 12

Vasospastic angina

Question 13

A drug that minimizes the frequency of attacks and decreases the intensity of pain, improves functional capacity with few adverse effects and prevents or delays the worst possible outcome, MI.

Answer 13

Antianginal drug

Question 14

Pathologic state in which the heart is unable to pump in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet metabolic needs.

Answer 14

Heart failure

Question 15

Oldest group of cardiac drugs, came from foxglove or Digitalis plant.

Answer 15

Cardiac glycosides