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I hate DRUGS!! > Cardiovascular drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Antiherpertensive medication contraindicated in pregnancy

A

Losartan

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2
Q

_______increases heart rate in a dose department manner

A

Minoxidil

  • vasodialtor
  • causes severe tchycardia that must be controlled with Beta blcokers
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3
Q

Action of nifedipine in response to essential hypertension

A

decreases calcium influx into smooth muscle

  • Prototype L-type calcium channel blocker
  • Plasma renin level may increase as a result of the compensatory response
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4
Q

Group of drug groups is most likely to cause postural hypotension

A

alpha1 - selective receptor blocker

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5
Q

what is the most common manifestation of ACE inhibitor intolerance?

A

incessant cough

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6
Q

constipation is a common side effect of __________

A

verapamil

  • l-type calcium channels in the colon
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7
Q

prazosin and atenolol both ___________

A

increase sympathetic outflow from the CNS

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8
Q

________associated with hematologic abnormalities

A

methyldopa

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9
Q

_______ often cause mild hyperglycemia

A

Thiazide

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10
Q

Metoprolol and verapamil __________ PR inteval

A

Increase

  • depresseion of calcium dependentd processes in the heart, therefore bradycardia and increased PR interval
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11
Q

used in severe hypertensive emergencies, is short acting and acts on a G-protein coupled receptor, and must be given by IV infusion

A

Fenoldopam

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12
Q

Very short actig and acts by releasing nitric oxide

A

Nitroprusside

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13
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide/chlorthalidone

A

Diuretics

Blocks Na/Cl transported in distal convoluted tubule

Used in hypertension and mild edema

AE: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia

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14
Q

Furosemide

A

Block Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb

Used in hypertension, heart failure, edema, hypercalcemia

AE; hypokalemia, hypovolemia, ototoxicity

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15
Q

Clonidine

A

Agonist at alpha 2 receptors in CNS this results in decreased SANS ouitflow

used in hypertension

AE: sedation, danger of severe rebound hypertension if suddently stopped

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16
Q

Methyldopa

A

Prodrug converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS with effects like clonidine

Used in hypertension

AE: sedation, induces hemolytic antibodies

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17
Q

verapamil blocks ___________

A

P-glycoprotein transporter

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18
Q

Hydralazine

A

Probably causes release of nitroc oxide by endothelial cells. causes arteriolar dilation

Used in hypertension, also used heart failure in combiantion with isosorbide dinitrate

AE: rachycardia, salt and water retention, lupus-like syndrome

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19
Q

Minoxidil

A

Prodrug, sulfate metabolite opens K channels, causes arteriolar smooth muscle hyperpolarization and vasodilation

Used in severe hypertension and male pattern baldness

AE: marked tachycardia, salt and water retention, hirsutism

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20
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Releases, NO from drug molecule

Parenteral

used in hypertensive emergency and acute cardiac decompensation

AE: Excessive hypotension; tachycardia, calt and water retention. Prolonged infusion may cause thocyanate and cyanide toxicity

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21
Q

Diazoxide

A

K channel opener in smooth muscle, secretory cells

Used in hypertensive emergency and hypoglycemia due to insulin secreting tumors

AE: hyperglycemia, edema, excessive hypotension

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22
Q

Fenoldopam

A

D1 agonist. causes arteriolar dialtion

Used in hypertensive emergencies

AE: excessive hypotension; tachycardia, salt and water retention, angina

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23
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor, reduces angiotensin I synthesis

used in hypertension

AE: angioedema, renal impairment

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24
Q

Captopril

A

ACE inhibitor. reduces angiotensin II synthesis

used in hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, heart failure

AE: cough, hyperkalemia, teratogen

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25
Losartan
Blocks AT1 receptors Used in hypertension, combination used in heart failure AR: hyperkalemia, teratogen
26
Common direct or reflex effect of nitroglycerin
Increased diastolic myocardial fiber tension * nitroglycerin increases heart rate and venous capacitance and decreases afterload and diastolic fiber tension * compensatory icnrease in sympathetic discharge
27
Meningeal vasodialtion can be caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
nitroglycerin * Nitrates relax many types of smooth muscle, but the effect on motility on the colon is insignificant
28
Useful for drugs for the prophylaxis of angina
Verapamil * CCBs and Beta blockers are generally effective in reducing the number of attacks of angina of effort, and most have durations of 4-8 h
29
If a beta blocker were to be used for prophylaxis in this patient what is the most probable mechanism
Block of exercise-induced tachycardia
30
Common adverse effect of nitroglycerin and prazosin
Othostatic hypertension
31
Drug that can cause methemeglobinemia
amyl nitrite
32
Drugs in high doses can cause extreme bradycardia
verapamil
33
which nitroglycerin by inhibiting the metabolism of cGMP
sildenafil
34
Nitroglycerin, SL
Short-acting nitrates Releases NO, increases cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate Used in acute angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome AE: tachycardia, orthostaichypotension, headache
35
nitroglycerin, oral
Intermiediate-acting nitrates Like Notroglycerin SL, active metabolite dinitroglycerin used for prophylaxis of angina
36
ranolazine
Blocks late Na current in myocardium, reduces cardiac work Used in angina AE: QT prolongation on ECG, inhibits CYP3A and 2D6
37
Ivabradine
Blocks pacemaker Na current in myocardium, reduces cardiac work Ued in heart failure, invesitgaional in angina AE: excessive bradycaria
38
Best documented mechanism of beneficial action of cardiac glycosides
An increase in systolic cytoplasmic calcium levels * It increases calcium by inhibiting Na/K transport by the ATPase sodium pump and indirectly altering Na/Ca exchange
39
Most likely cause the arrythmogenic effect of digoxin
Increased intracellular calcium * decreased sympathetic discharge and increased increased extracellular potassium and magnesium reduce digitalis arrhythmogenesis
40
A common effect of digoxin (at therapeutic blood levels) that can be almost entirely blocked by atropine is
Increased PR interval on ECG * the parasympathomimetic effeects of digitalis can be blocked by muscarinic blockers such as atropine * manifestation of slowed AV cinduction
41
drug shown to reduce mortality in chronic heart failure
Spironolactone
42
Increases endogenous BNP and also blocks angiotensin receptors
Sacubitril
43
initial treatment or heart failure f
furosemide
44
shown to prolong life in patients with chronic congestive failure
Carvedilol
45
The drug of choice in severe, massive overdose with any cardiac glycoside is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
digoxin antibody
46
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-- should be avoided to reduce the likelihood of procainamide toxicity
Hyperkalemia
47
Most effective therapy for procainamide and quinidine toxicity
sodium lactate 1. increase sodium current by icnreasing the sodium ion gradient 2. reduce drug-receptor binding by alkalinizing the tissue
48
\_\_\_\_\_ are most effective against acute thyrotoxic arrhythmias
Beta blockers
49
effective in both treating and precenting supracentricular AV nodla tachycardias
Calcium channel blockers
50
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ used in emergency treatment of myocardial infarction arrhythmia is one of the most important
Lidoacaine
51
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ very short acting parenteral agent often used for AV nodal arrythmias
adenosine
52
Longest half-life of all the antiarrythmics
amiodarone
53
Group 1 antiarryhtmics
Sodium channel blockers * Group 1A * both atrial and ventricular arrythmias * prolongs AP * block one or more repolarizing K currents * Group IB * selectively affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue * reduce AP * Group IC * no effect on ventricular AP duration * powerful depresants of sodium current * increase QRS duration of the ECG
54
Group 2 antiarrhythmics
Beta blockers * reduction of CAMP * modest reduction of both sodium and calcium * the AV node is particularly sensitive * Prolonged PR interval * may have some direct local anesthetic (sodium channel blocking)
55
Group 3 Antiarrythmics
Potassium K channel blockers Common used in Afib Prolongs AP
56
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide
57
diurets useful in the prevention of calcium stones
thiazides
58
loop diuretics \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_urinary calcium excretion and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_blood pressure
Increase Decrease
59
Acetazolamide causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
metabolic acidosis
60
A drug that increases the formation of dilute urine is used to treat SIADH
Tolvaptan
61

I hate DRUGS!! (26 decks)

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