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Pharm 2 final > Cardiovascular Drugs part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs part 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

mechanisms of action of antihypertensive agents

A
  1. effect on autonomic nervous system
  2. inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
  3. peripheral vasodilation
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2
Q

2 types of calcium channel blockers

A
  1. dihydropyridines

2. non-dihydropyridines

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3
Q

suffix of dihydropyridines

A

-dipine

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4
Q

where does dihydropyridines act on?

A

peripheral vasculature

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5
Q

examples of non-dihydropyridines

A
  1. verapamil

2. diltiazem

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6
Q

where does non-dihydropyridines mainly act on?

A

the heart

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7
Q

effect of calcium channel blockers?

A

reduce influx of Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+

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8
Q

what are the 2 types of beta blockers?

A
  1. selective

2. non-selective

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9
Q

suffix of beta blockers

A

-olol

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10
Q

what does selective beta blockers block?

A

beta 1 receptors only

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11
Q

what does non-selective beta blockers block?

A

beta 1 receptors but may also have beta 2 effects

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12
Q

when is non-selective beta blocker contraindicated?

A

should not be used in obstructive disease

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13
Q

suffix of ACE inhibitors

A

-pril (i.e. lisinopril)

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14
Q

what does ACE inhibitors prevent?

A
  1. angiotensin I from being converted to angiotensin II in the lungs by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
  2. breakdown of bradykinin
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15
Q

ACE inhibitors prevent breakdown of bradykinin resulting in what?

A

cough

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16
Q

suffix of ARBs (angiotensin II receptor antagonist)

A

-sartan (i.e. losartan)

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17
Q

what does ARBs prevent?

A
  1. angiotensin II from binding to AT1 receptors

2. Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in arterioles resulting in vasodilation

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18
Q

T/F: ARBs inhibit bradykinin breakdown

A

false, doesn’t inhibit bradykinin breakdown so no cough

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19
Q

primary mechanism of action of diuretics

A

decrease in intravascular volume

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20
Q

secondary mechanism of action of diuretics

A

direct arterial vasodilation

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21
Q

what are the 3 classes of diuretics?

A
  1. thiazides
  2. loop diuretics
  3. potassium sparing
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22
Q

what does thiazides inhibit?

A

inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransporters in proximal segment of distal convoluted tubule

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23
Q

suffix of thiazides

A

-thiazide

exception is chlorTHALIDONE

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24
Q

T/F: loop diuretics are long acting

A

false, short

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25
what does loop diuretics inhibit?
Na+/Cl-/H2O reabsorption in thick ascending limb
26
suffix of loop diuretics
-semide
27
potassium sparing diuretics can result in what?
increased K+ levels
28
suffix of potassium sparing diuretics
-one
29
thiazide diuretics act on which nephron site?
distal convoluted tubule
30
loop diuretics act on which nephron site?
thick ascending limb
31
potassium sparing diuretics act on which nephron site?
collecting tubule
32
suffix of alpha 2 agonists
-idine
33
alpha 2 agonists prevent what?
release of norepinephrine from post ganglionic nerve fibers
34
effect of alpha 2 agonists
1. sedation 2. analgesia 3. hypotension
35
what are the two types of alpha 1 antagonists?
1. selective | 2. non-selective
36
suffix of selective alpha 1 antagonists
-zosin
37
suffix of non-selective alpha 1 antagonists
-amine
38
what does alpha 1 antagonists prevent?
intracellular Ca2+ increase resulting in smooth muscle relaxation in arterioles and veinules
39
what does nitrovasodilators cause?
release of nitric oxide (NO)
40
what does the release of nitric oxide (NO) cause?
vasodilation
41
what are the two types of nitrovasodilators?
1. nitrites | 2. nitrates
42
example of nitrite
sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
43
use of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) can result in what?
cyanide poisoning
44
example of nitrate
nitroglycerine
45
what does nitrates cause?
coronary dilation
46
why are nitrates administered under the tongue?
b/c of extensive first pass metabolism
47
hydralazine is a vasodilator that causes what?
1. K+ influx into vascular smooth muscle cells | 2. NO release by vascular endothelium
48
effect of hydralazine
1. arterial vasodilation 2. lowers BP 3. raises HR reflexively
49
hydralazine effects are exact opposite of which drug?
phenylephrine
50
Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrythmic drugs have how many classes?
5
51
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs interferes with Na+ channels?
class 1
52
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs depresses phase 0, prolonging depolarization?
class 1
53
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs are anti-sympathetic agents?
class 2
54
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs decreases slope of phase 4?
class 2
55
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs affects K+ efflux?
class 3
56
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs prolongs phase 3?
class 3
57
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs affects calcium channels/AV node?
class 4
58
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs prolongs phase 2?
class 4
59
according to Vaughan Williams classification, which class of antiarrythmic drugs has unknown mechanisms?
class 5
60
class 1 antiarrythmic drugs are what?
Na+ channel blocker
61
class 4 antiarrythmic drugs are what?
Ca2+ channel blocker
62
class 3 antiarrythmic drugs are what?
K+ channel blocker
63
class 2 antiarrythmic drugs are what?
beta blocker
64
rule of thumb for CLASS I and III antiarrythmic drugs
used for rhythm control | i.e. procainamide and amiodarone
65
rule of thumb for CLASS II and IV antiarrythmic drugs
used for rate control | i.e. metoprolol and diltiazem

Pharm 2 final (10 decks)

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