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year 5 osce: cardiovascular > Cardiovascular Examination > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 signs to look for on the hands in Cardiovascular Examination?

A

Tar Staining
Spliter Haemorrhages
Arachnodactyl
Xanthomata
Palmar Erythema
Janeway Lesions
Osler nodes

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2
Q

What are Splinter Haemorrhages a sign of? (3)

A

Infective Endocarditis
Vasculitis
Sepsis

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3
Q

What is Arachnodactyl a sign of?

A

Marfans

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4
Q

What is Xanthomata a sign of?

A

Hyperlipidemia

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5
Q

Where is Xanthomata typically found? (3)

A

Joints, Elbows, Tendons

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6
Q

What is Palmar Erythema typically a sign of? (3)

A

Hyperthyrodism
Pregnancy
Polycythemia

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7
Q

What are janeway lesions?

A

Non tender, palmar lesions

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8
Q

What are osler nodes? and what is it associated with?

A

Painful associated with infective endocarditis

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9
Q

What Capillary refill time is normal?

A

<2 Seconds

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10
Q

What should be looked for with regards to pulse in cardiovascular examination? (3)

A

Rate, Rhythm, Volume and Character of Radial Pulse

Collapse Pulse

Radio Radial Delay

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11
Q

What does a collapsing pulse indicate?

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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12
Q

What does a radio-radial delay indicate?

A

Aortic Dissection or Coarctation

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13
Q

What does a slow rise brachial pulse indicate?

A

Aortic Stenosis

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14
Q

What does a bounding brachial pulse indicate? (2)

A

Aortic Regurgitation
Co2 Retention

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15
Q

If blood pressure is narrow what does this indicate?

A

Aortic Stenosis

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16
Q

If blood pressure is wide what does this indicate?

A

Aortic Regurgitation
Dissection

17
Q

If there is a difference in arms in BP what does this indicate?

A

Dissection

18
Q

If JVP is more than 3cm what does this indicate? (4)

A

Venous Hypertension
Right Heart Failure
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Constrictive Pericarditis

19
Q

What does Mallar flush indicate?

A

Mitral stenosis

20
Q

What does corneal arcus indicate?

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

21
Q

What does angular stomatitis indicate?

A

Iron Deficiency

22
Q

If the apex beat is displaced what could this mean? (5)

A

Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure
Tension Pneumothorax
Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation

23
Q

What do heaves mean?

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

24
Q

What do thrills mean?

A

Regurgitation

25
Q

Where can the aortic valve be found?

A

2nd intercostal space right sternum

26
Q

Where can the pulmonary valve be found?

A

2nd intercostal space left sternum

27
Q

Where can tricuspid valve be found?

A

4th intercostal space left sternum

28
Q

Where can mitral valve be found

A

5th intercostal space midclavicular line

29
Q

Pleural effusion is associated with what type of heart failure?

A

Left ventricular failure

30
Q

What further tests would you want to do at end of cardio exam? (6)

A

BP
ECG
Urine Dipstick
Bloods
Fundoscopy
Cap Glucose

31
Q

Name 6 signs associated with Aortic Stenosis?

A

Heave apex beat
Slow rise pulse
Narrow pulse pressure
Ejection click
Soft s2
Ejection Systolic murmur

32
Q

Name 4 signs associated with mitral regurgitation?

A

Displaced apex
Soft/no S1
High pitch blowing pan systolic murmur
Mid systolic click

33
Q

Name 4 signs associated with aortic regurgitation?

A

Displaced apex beat
Wide pulse pressure
collapse pulse
high pitch blow early diastolic murmur

34
Q

Name 4 signs associated with mitral stenosis?

A

Tapping apex beat
Malar flush
Loud S1
Rumble mid diastolic murmur with opening snap

35
Q

How to find Aortic Stenosis?

A

Bell of Stethescope on Carotids

36
Q

How to find Aortic regurgitation?

A

4th intercostal left of sternum. Use diaphragm. Breathe in, breathe out and hold on expiration

37
Q

How to find mitral regurgitation?

A

Bell on apex beat point, hold on expiration

year 5 osce: cardiovascular (8 decks)

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