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Anatomy Final > Cardiovascular I > Flashcards

Cardiovascular I Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart, including chambers and valves

A 
DE-OX blood IN the RA via vena cavae
Tricuspid AV valve 
RV 
SL pulmonary valve 
**De-ox blood goes thru pulmonary artery to LUNGS 
OX blood in LA via pulmonary veins 
Mitral/Bicuspid AV valve 
LV 
SL aortic valve 
aortic arch
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2
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

AV valve

Between RA and RV

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3
Q

Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)

A

AV valve

Between LA and LV

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4
Q

Name the 3 openings of the RA

A

1) SVC
2) IVC
3) coronary sinus

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5
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

semilunar valve

RV to lungs

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6
Q

Aortic valve

A

semilunar valve

LV to aorta

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7
Q

What is the most muscular chamber of heart?

A

LV

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8
Q

What are the roles of the pericardium

A

fibrous fluid filled sac…

  • prevents overfilling of blood
  • anchors heart
  • protects heart
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9
Q

What is the outer layer of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

dense CT

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10
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

inner serous part of pericardium
in between PARIETAL and VISCERAL
**CONTAINS A THIN FILM OF FLUID SO HEART CAN MOVE AND BEAT IN FRICTIONLESS ENVIRONMENT

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11
Q

Cardiac tapenade

A

when blood leaks into pericardial cavity and compresses the heart

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12
Q

Blood supply to pericardium

A

pericardiacophrenic arteries
musculophrenic arteries
thoracic aorta (brachial, eso, superior phrenic)
coronary arteries (to visceral only)

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13
Q

Innervation: pericardium: somatic sensory

A

fibrous and parietal

via PHRENIC nerves C3-C5

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14
Q

Innervation: pericardium: visceral sensory

A

epicardium (insensitive to pain)

via CARDIAC PLEXUSES

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15
Q

Label the external anatomy of heart

A

label

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16
Q

If stabbed in left 2nd intercostal space, what part of heart is affected?

A

pulmonary valve

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17
Q

if stabbed in left 4th intercostal space, what part of heart is affected?

A

RV

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18
Q

if stabbed in left 5th intercostal space, what part of heart is affected?

A

apex, mitral valve

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19
Q

Layers of heart from external to internal

A 
fibrous pericardium 
parietal 
pericardial cavity 
epicardium (visceral)
myocardium 
endocardium
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20
Q

Right Atrium what are the 2 parts

A

1) sinus venarum
=recieves vena cave and coronary sinus
2) pectinate muscles
= divided by crista terminalis

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21
Q

what is the interatrial septum

A

divides RA and LA

fossa ovalis is here (remains of foramen ovale)

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22
Q

How does RV receive its blood

A

receives blood from RA via R AV orifice

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23
Q

what is the RV guarded by

A

tricuspid valve

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24
Q

where does the blood in RV go

Study These Flashcards
A

through pulmonary valve to lungs in a U-shaped path 140 degrees

25
Features of ventricles
trabeculae carnae = rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart. ***These are different from the pectinate muscles, which are present in the atria of the heart. -finer and more numerous in LV than RV
26
how does LV receive its blood
from LA via L AV orifice
27
what is LV guarded by
bicuspid/mitral valve
28
Is the RV or LV thicker?
LV (2x thicker than RV)
29
Features of LV
aortic vestibule = leads to aorta | aortic valve = guards ascending aorta
30
where does blood from LV go
thru LV, 2 right turns, 180 change in direction to aorta via aortic valve
31
Right AV valve: structure and function
Structure: - tricuspid = 3 cusps (ant, post, septal) - papillary muscles (ant, post, septal) - chordinae tendinae Function of VALVE = PREVENTS BACKFLOW INTO ATRIA DURING VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE) Function of papillary and chordae = prevent cusps from prolapsing into the aorta function of chordae tendineae is to anchor the AV valves to ventricular papillary muscles and keep the AV valves in a closed position during ventricular systole to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during systole taut & contract (holds in closed position)
32
During systole, describe valves and papillary, chordae tendinae
AV closed SL open chordinae taut papillary contract
33
During diastole, describe valves and papillary, chordae tendinae
AV open SL closed chordinae slack papillary relax
34
Left AV valve
mitral/bicuspid = 2 cusps (ant, post) most commonly diseased valve ``` papillary muscles (ant, post) chordinae tendinae ```
35
Function chordinae tendinae
function of chordae tendineae is to anchor the AV valves to ventricular papillary muscles and keep the AV valves in a closed position (by being taut) during ventricular systole to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria
36
What does prolapse of Left AV valve cause
errodes endothelial surfaces of valve, predisposed to endocardial infections RESULTS IN ENLARGED LA because blood leaks back into LA
37
Formation of interatrial septum
1) septum primum 2) foramen/ostium primum before septum premum fuses 3) foramen ovale (septum and foramen secundum) 4) flap valve 5) blood RA --> LA (bypass lungs) * in fetus the lungs are not inflated, baby receives oxygenated blood from mom via umbilical vein
38
Foramen ovale
shunts blood RA to LA to bypass lungs in fetus
39
Atrial Septal Defects
25% of individuals | if large, OX blood shunted into RA, overloads pulmonary system and ENLARGES RA, RV, and pulm trunk
40
Ventricular Septal Defects
25% of all congenital heart defects most are in muscular portion (these spontaneously close) membranous defects corrected surgically
41
Function of semilunar valves
prevent back flow into ventricles during ventricular relaxation (diastole) - aortic valve - pulmonary valve 3 cup-like cusps AV open SL closed
42
Function of AV valves
prevent back flow into atria during contraction (systole) AV closed SL open
43
Conducting system of heart
1) SAN = initiates cardiac m. contraction, HR 2) AVN = delays impulse 3) Bundle of His 4) RBB, LBB 5) Purkinje fibers
44
Can the heart contract without any innervation?
Yes, that is why we can do heart transplants
45
Sympathetic Cardiac Innervation
increase HR, increase force of contraction Blood flow --> CA
46
Pre-ganglionic sympathetic
lateral horns of SC | T1-T5
47
post-ganglionic sympathetic
cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia
48
post-synaptic fibers sympathetic
carried in thoracic (cardiopulmonary) splanchnic nerves contributes to cardiac plexus ends in SAN and AVN
49
Parasympathetic Cardiac Innervation
decrease HR, decrease force of contraction constricts CA
50
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic
VAGUS Nerve
51
pre-synaptic fibers parasympathetic
contributes to cardiac plexuses
52
post-ganglionic parasympathetic
cardiac tissue | atrial wall, IV septum near SAN, AVN
53
Visceral afferent cardiac innervation
follow path of sympathetics backward reflex actions =lower BP, lower HR = vagus nerve
54
vagus nerve
doesn't transmit any visceral pain fibers originating in heart
55
small cardiac vein pairs with the
right marginal artery
56
middle cardiac vein pairs with the
posterior IV artery
57
great cardiac vein pairs with the
anterior IV artery
58
coronary sinus pairs with the
circumflex artery

Anatomy Final (6 decks)

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