Cardiovascular part 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is acute pericarditis?
What is pericardial effusion?
Pericarditis:
Inflammation of pericardium (lining of heart)
Effusion:
fluid buildup in pericardial space
What occurs directly to the heart with pericardial effusion?
The heart chambers compress;
cardiac output decreases (as ventricles are compressed)
Rapid pleural effusion is known as:
Tamponade-fluid
What are the signs/symptoms of pericarditis?
- Friction rub can be heard when listening through stethoscope
- Difficulty breathing when lying down
What is cardiomyopathies?
An enlarged heart
What are these disorders of heart valves:
Stenosis
vs.
Regurgitation
Stenosis
Hardening of valve that causes blood to not fully eject
Rergurgitation
Valve does not close completely; blood reenters previous chamber
What is rheamatic fever?
What can this lead to?
Untreated strep infections lead to infection of heart valves;
Rheumatic heart disease= damage to heart valves from infection
What are some coomon symptoms of rheumatic fever?
Fever, skin rash, joint pain
Infective endocarditis
What is it?
Who commonly gets this?
Infection of the endocardium
Prosthetic heart valves; IV drug users
What are additional measures that patients with a history of endocarditis must take for dental procedures?
Person must take prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedure
What are specific signs of endocarditis?
Janeway lesions; red lesion on palms
Osler nodes: pain lesions on fingertips
What is a dysrhtmias (arrhythmia)?
Heart is out of normal rate or rhythm
What is heart failure?
Generic term for dysfunctions that result in inadequate perfusion of tissues with nutrients.
What is remodeling of the heart that occurs during heart failure?
What occurs to cardiac output?
The heart enlarges to accomodate for injury/heart failure.
Compresses ventricles (amount of blood in ventricles is less)
What is left sided heart failure?
What are the symptoms?
Left side fails and blood backs up into lungs.:
- Dyspnea
- Cough with frothy sputum
- Orthopnea
- Pulmonary edema
What is Right sided heart failure?
What are the symptoms?
Right sided failure that causes blood to back up into body tissues:
- Peripheral edema
- Ascites (abdominal swelling)
- Liver congestion
Heart failure from myocardial infarctions are caused by:
Decreased contractility (strength of heart)
- Kidney issues (decreased renal perfusion)
- Decreased Ejection fraction (percentage of blood that leaves ventricle)
What is shock?
Cardiovascular system fails to perfuse tissues; tissues fail to get oxygen.
What are these types of shock:
- Cardiogenic
- Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic:
Decreased cardiac output from damage to heart (usually caused by myocardial infarction)
Hypovolemic:
Caused by loss of body fluids (bleeding, burns)
What are the signs of hypolemic shock?
Low blood pressure with proportionalyl increased heart rate
What are these types of shock:
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic
Widespread vasodilation (parasympathetic overstimulation) from trauma to spine
Anaphylactic
Widespread hypersensitivity reaction (allergy)
What are the signs of neurogenic shock
- Heart rate decreases with normal-high cardiac output.
- Blood pressure falls.
*
What is septic shock?
Infection that progresses to bacteremia.
Sepsis (damage to organs) occurs and causes shock.
What is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome?
What are the causes?
Dyfunction of two or more organ systems from severe illness/injury.
- Commonly caused by septic shock
