Cardiovascular Pathology

Question 1

The function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

to maintain an adequate supply of blood to all

the tissues of the body.

Question 2

Heart rate is controlled by the

Answer 2

autonomic nervous

system

Question 3

Left-to-Right Shunts

Answer 3

They permit mixing of blood in the systemic

and pulmonary circulations

Question 4

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 4

Consists of four (“tetra”) abnormalities:
 (1) high ventricular septal defect
 (2) pulmonary stenosis
 (3) overriding of the aortic orifice above the
ventricular defect
 (4) right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 5

Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer 5

is the narrowing, or

constriction, of the aorta.

Question 6

Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer 6

Classic sign - normal blood pressure in the

arms, but very low blood pressure in the legs.

Question 7

Coronary artery disease

Answer 7

is the narrowing of
the lumen of one or more of the coronary
arteries.

Question 8

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Answer 8

refers to the inability
of the heart to propel blood at a rate and
volume sufficient to provide an adequate
supply to the tissues.

Question 9

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 9

is an abnormal
accumulation of fluid in the extravascular
pulmonary tissues.

Question 10

Aneurysm

Answer 10

is the localized dilatation of an
artery that most commonly involves the aorta,
especially its abdominal portion

Question 11

Saccular aneurysm

Answer 11

involves only one side of the

arterial wall.

Question 12

Fusiform aneurysm

Answer 12

is bulging of the entire

circumference of the vessel wall.

Question 13

Traumatic aortic rupture

Answer 13

is a potentially fatal

complication of closed chest trauma

Question 14

Aortic dissection

Answer 14

is a potentially life threatening
condition in which disruption of
the intima (the inner layer) permits blood to
enter the wall of the aorta and separate its
layers.

Question 15

Atherosclerosis

Answer 15

is characterized by
thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in
the arterial wall.

Question 16

Thrombus

Answer 16

an intravascular clot

Question 17

Embolism

Answer 17

part or all of a thrombus that
becomes detached from the vessel wall and
enters the bloodstream

Question 18

Rheumatic fever

Answer 18

an autoimmune disease
that results from a reaction of the patient’s
antibodies against antigens from a previous
streptococcal infection

Question 19

Infective Endocarditis

Answer 19

the development of
nodules or vegetations on heart valves caused by
deposits of bacteria or fungi.

Question 20

Pericardial effusion

Answer 20

is the accumulation of
fluid within the pericardial space surrounding
the heart.