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Pharm. Final > Cardiovascular pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular pharmacology Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

HTN- first line and second line medical management

A

…

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2
Q

1st line of medical management for HTN - 4

A
  1. thiazide diuretics
  2. ace inhibitors
  3. angiotensin receptor blockers
  4. Ca channel blockers
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3
Q

Thiazide diuretics do what?

A

inhibition of sodium/chloride reuptake

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4
Q

what are 3 actions of ace inhibitors?

A
  1. inhibits ACE/conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II - prevents vasoconstriction
  2. reduces production of ADH-reduces fluid volume
  3. reduces aldosterone production- reduces fluid volume
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5
Q

What are 3 actions of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)?

A
  1. inhibits angiotensin II receptor - causes vasodilation
  2. reduces ADH production - reduces fluid volume
  3. reduces aldosterone production- reduces fluid volume
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6
Q

What are 3 actions of Ca channel blockers?

A
  • decreases contractility and cardiac force rate
  • reduces after load
  • vasodilation by blocking Ca reentry in smooth and cardiac muscle
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7
Q

2nd line of medication management - 4 drugs

A
  1. Beta blockers
  2. aldosterone antagonists
  3. loop diuretics
  4. direct vasodilators, alpha 1 blockers, alpha 2 blockers,
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8
Q

What are the actions of beta blockers?

A
  • acts on sympathetic nervous system
  • inhibits SA node
  • inhibits renin secretion
  • decreased HR and vasodilation
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9
Q

What are the actions of Aldosterone antagonists ?

A

inhibits aldosterone by inhibiting sodium-potassium exchange site in distal tubule-

  • secretes Na in water,
  • retains K
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10
Q

What are the actions of loop diuretics?

A

inhibits Na, K, Ca, Mg reabsorption in loop of Henle–

-reduces volume

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11
Q

direct vasodilators, alpha 1 blockers, alpha 2 blockers do what?

A

peripheral vasodilation

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12
Q

What drugs are used for cardiac medication?

A
  • diuretics
  • Sypmatholytics
  • vasodilators
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Ca channel blockers
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13
Q

What do diuretics act on?

A

act on kidneys

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14
Q

diuretics purpose ?

A

decrease plasma fluid volume– reduces afterload

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15
Q

Diuretics mechanism of action

A

inhibition of Na/Chloride reuptake, excretes Na

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16
Q

Diuretics side effects

A
  • hypotension
  • renal dysfunction
  • volume depletion
  • electrolyte disturbances
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17
Q

Sympatholytics are what?

A

Beta blockers

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18
Q

Sympatholytics/Beta blockers act on?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

Sympatholytics/Beta blockers purpose?

A

decreases sympathetic influence on heart

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20
Q

Sympatholytics/Beta blockers mechanism of action?

A
  • beta 1 blockade
  • inhibits sympathetic cardiac stimulation of SA node
  • inhibits renin secretion which leads to Vasodilation
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21
Q

Sympatholytics/Beta blockers side effects?

A
  • fatigue
  • cold hands
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • shortness of breath
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22
Q

vasodilators act on?

A

peripheral vasculature

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23
Q

vasodilators purpose?

Study These Flashcards
A

lower vascular resistance

24
Q

vasodilators mechanism of action?

25
vasodilators side effects?
... inc
26
ace inhibitors act on?
peripheral vasculature and involved organs
27
ace inhibitors purpose?
- prevent vasoconstriction | - reduces fluid volume
28
ace inhibitors mechanism of action?
- inhibits ACE/conversion of angiotensin I to Angiotensin II - reduces production of ADH - reduces aldosterone production
29
ace inhibitors side effects?
- angioedema - cough - orthostasis - hypotension - hyperkalemia
30
Ca channel blockers act on?
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
31
Ca channel blockers purpose?
- decreases contractility - decrease cardiac force and rate - reduces after load - causes vasodilation
32
Ca channel blockers mechanism of action?
blocks Ca re-entry
33
Ca channel blockers side effects?
- hypotension - Av block - reflex tachycardia - headache - dizziness - dwosiness - edema - nausea - constipation
34
Angina medication management
...
35
angina is what?
chest pain due to ischemia and imbalance of oxygen supply and demand
36
medications for angina? (4)
- nitrates (fist line) - beta blockers (first line) - Ca channel blockers - Ranolzine (second line)
37
Nitrates do what?
- first line - promotes nitric oxide release - causes vasodilation, - decreases preload
38
Beta blockers do what?
- first line | - reduces oxygen demand by limiting max stimulation (HR)
39
Ca channel blockers do what?
- blocks Ca re-entry | - reduces contractility, HR
40
Ranolazine do what?
- second line | - blocks Na channels but no impact on BP or HR
41
Ischemic heart failure-medication management
...
42
Ischemic heart disease
cardiac muscle has insufficient oxygen
43
what do we need to do to treat ischemic heart disease?
reduce cardiac oxygen demand and increase cardiac oxygen supply
44
5 meds for MI- mechanisms of action, side effects, purpose What are the 5 medications?
1. aspirin 2. P2Y12 inhibitor 3. Beta blocker 4. Statin 5. Ace inhibitor
45
aspirin mechanism of action?
anti platelet agent
46
aspirin side effect?
- bruising | - GI intolerance
47
P2Y12 Inhibitor mechanism of action?
anti platelet agent
48
statin does what?
decrease cholesterol production in the liver
49
statin mechanism of action?
- up regulate LDL surface receptors - leads to increase LDL breakdown and decrease in VLDL production - leads to decrease in LDL production
50
Statin leads to?
- plaque reduction | - antioxidant effects and antithrobotic effects
51
statin side effect?
- myopathy - headache - HI - myalgia
52
CHF and arrhythmia medications- purpose, side effects
...
53
what is CHF?
chronic overwork of heart muscles which causes hypertrophic remodeling, reduced cardiac output, fluid retention
54
CHF medications? (6)
- cardiac Glycosides - Ace inhibitors - beta blockers - aldosterone antagonists - vasodilators - diuretics
55
Aldosterone antagonisti?
inhibit aldosterone by inhibiting Na/K exchange site in distal tubule - excretes Na and H20 - retains K

Pharm. Final (16 decks)

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