Cardiovascular Practical Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
the two components of blood
A
plasma and formed elements
2
Q
RBCs are also called
A
erythrocytes
3
Q
WBCs are also called
A
leukocytes
4
Q
platelets are known as
A
thrombocytes
5
Q
formed elements make up about ____% of blood volume
A
45%
6
Q
plasma makes up about _____% of blood volume
A
55%
7
Q
plasma minus the clotting proteins
A
serum
8
Q
large molecule used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
A
hemoglobin
9
Q
abnormally high number of RBCs
A
polycethemia
10
Q
unusually low number of RBCs
A
anemia
11
Q
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
A
granular leukocytes
12
Q
lymphocytes and monocytes
A
agranular leukocytes
13
Q
phagocytes that engulf and kill bacteria
A
neutrophils
14
Q
neutralize the effect of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, and destroy parasitic worms
A
eosinophils
15
Q
release histamine, heparin, and serotonin during allergic reactions
A
basophils
16
Q
involved in immune response and include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
A
lymphocytes
17
Q
develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies that attack bacteria
A
B cells
18
Q
attack virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue cells
A
T cells
19
Q
attack a wide variety of microbes
A
Natural killer cells
20
Q
transform into macrophages that are the man phagocytic cells
A
Monocytes
21
Q
abnormally high number of WBCs
A
leukocytosis
22
Q
decrease in the number of WBCs
A
leukopenia
23
Q
platelets are formed in red bone marrow from large, multinuclear cells called
A
megakaryocytes
24
Q
a deficiency in the number of circulating platelets
A
thrombocytopenia
25
most numerous WBC
neutrophil
26
second most numerous WBC
lymphocyte
27
largest WBC
monocyte
28
performed to determine the percentage of each of the five types of WBCs in a blood sample
differential WBC count
29
determines the volume of RBCs described as the percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample
Hematocrit
30
protein that carries oxygen in the RBCs
Hemoglobin
31
process of blood clotting
coagulation
32
blood typing is based on the _____ molecules that are on the surface of RBC membranes
antigenic
33
plasma proteins that combine with a specific antigen to inhibit or destroy it
antibodies
34
a substance that is able to produce an immune response and will react with a specific antibody
antigen
35
agglutinate
clump
36
When an Rh- mother is carrying an Rh+ child, this is known as
hemolytic disease of the newborn
37
antisera
antiserum
38
upper chamber
atrium
39
lower chamber
ventricle
40
pouch-like extensions of atria
auricles
41
grooves that externally mark the boundaries between the four heart chambers
sulci
42
deep sulcus that externally shows the separation of the atria and the ventricles
coronary sulcus
43
shallow grooves that depict the surface boundaries between the two ventricles
anterior & posterior interventricular sulcus
44
returns blood from the head, neck and arms
superior vena cava
45
returns blood from the body inferior to the heart
inferior vena cava
46
smaller vein that returns blood from coronary circulation
coronary sinus
47
only vessel that removes blood from the right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
48
the pulmonary trunk divides into the
right and left pulmonary arteries
49
O2 rich blood returns to the left atrium through the
right & left pulmonary veins
50
the left ventricle pumps blood into the
aorta
51
the fetal heart contains a short, temporary vascular channel, the ________
ductus arteriosus
52
after birth, the ductus arteriosus becomes the
ligamentum arteriosum
53
myocardial ridges
pectinate muscles
54
separates the walls of the right and left atria
interatrial septum
55
in fetus, the hole in the interatrial septum is called:
foramen ovale
56
the connective tissue membrane that forms over the foramen ovale after birth
fossa ovalis
57
ridges of muscles in ventricles
trabeculae carnae
58
finger-like projections
papillary muscles
59
heartstrings
chordae tendinae
60
right atrioventricular valve
tricuspid valve
61
left atrioventricular valve
bicuspid valve
62
takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium
pulmonary circulation
63
takes blood from the left ventricle to body tissues and back to the right atrium
systemic circulation
64
the walls of the heart have their own supply and circulation, the ______ circulation
coronary
65
attaches to the diaphragm and great vessels of the heart, secures the heart in the mediastinum
fibrous pericardium
66
double membrane composed of an outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer
serous pericardium
67
enable action potentials to spread quickly from cell to cell
gap junctions
68
the internal stimulation that makes the heart beat by itself
intrinsic stimulation
69
intrinsic stimulation is caused by specialized, noncontractile cells called
autorhythmic cells
70
the pacemaker
sinoatrial node
71
P wave
atrial depolarization
72
QRS Complex
ventricular depolarization
73
P-Q Interval
represents time it takes for electrical conduction to travel through the atria and AV node to the Purkinje fibers
74
S-T segment
segment from the end of the S to the beginning of the T wave
75
Q-T Interval
beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization
76
normal sinus rhythm
60-100 bpm
77
a heart rate above 100beats/min
tachycardia
78
a heart rate below 60beats/min
bradycardia
79
prolonged tachycardia can develop into
ventricular fibrillation
80
listening to body sounds
auscultation
81
closure of the two AV valves at systole
lubb
82
ventricular diastole when semilunar valves close
dubb
83
arteries divide into smaller vessels called
arterioles
84
arterioles branch into the tiniest vessels called
capillaries
85
capillaries join to form
venules
86
venules merge to form
veins
87
arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to body tissues
systemic circulation
88
arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
89
composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers
tunica externa
90
middle and thickest layer, contains elastic fibers and smooth muscle layers
tunica media
91
contraction of smooth muscle fibers causes a decrease in lumen diameter
vasoconstriction
92
relaxation of smooth muscle fibers causes an increase in lumen diameter
vasodilation
93
simple squamous epithelium
tunica interna
94
large-diameter arteries that have more elastic fibers in their tunica media
elastic arteries
95
smaller in diameter and have more smooth muscle fibers and fewer elastic fibers in their tunica media
muscular arteries
96
prevents the backflow of blood
valves
97
fusion of plasma membranes of adjacent cells
tight junctions
98
spaces between cells
intercellular clefts
99
pores in plasma membrane covered by diaphragm
fenestrations
100
molecules can be transported across capillary walls by vesicles, a process called
transcytosis
101
pressure exerted by blood against blood vessel walls
blood pressure
102
difference in blood pressure between two areas of circulatory system
blood pressure gradient
103
contraction
systole
104
relaxation
diastole
105
sphygmomanometer
measures arterial blood pressure
106
sound caused by turbulent flow of blood
Korotkoff sounds
107
can be measured directly with a pressure transducer interted into venous vessel
Venous blood pressure
108
difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Pulse Pressure
109
provide alternate routes or detours for blood flow in case the main route is blocked or damages
anastomoses
110
longest vein in the body, running along the medial surface of the leg and thigh
great saphenous vein
