Cardiovascular + Respiratory System - TOPIC 1

Question 1

What do proprioceptors do?

Answer 1

Detect movement, are located in the muscle

Question 2

What do baroreceptors do?

Answer 2

Contain nerve endings that detect stretching in arterial walls

(due to blood pressure changing)

Question 3

What do chemoreceptors do?

Answer 3

Detect increase in blood acidity due to C02

Question 4

If there is a greater ———– it can increase ejection fraction

Answer 4

force of contraction

Question 5

What happens during diastole?

Answer 5

The heart relaxes and fills with blood

Question 6

What 2 factors are starling law dependant on?

Answer 6

Venous return
Elasticity of cardiac fibres ( during diastole, greater stretch = greater force)

Question 7

Why does HR increase during exercise

Mentioning the two nervous systems

Answer 7

Sympathetic nervous system - speeds up HR and breathing rate

Parasympathetic nervous system - slows down heart rate to resting level

Question 8

Definition of ejection fraction is?

Answer 8

% of blood pumped out left ventricle per beat

Question 9

What happens during systole?

Answer 9

The heart contracts and ejects blood

Question 10

5 stages of starlings law are?

Answer 10

-Increased venous return
-Greater diastolic filling
-Cardiac muscle stretches
-Greater force of contraction
-increased ejection fraction

VDMFE (very dumb mother fkin eggs)

Question 11

What do the following usually do to HR (inc or dec)
Baro
Chemo
Proprio
(receptors)

Answer 11

Decrease
Increase
Increase

Question 12

Order of the receptors in the heart beat is?

Answer 12

Proprio—>Chemo—->Baro

Question 13

What is stroke volume?

Answer 13

volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat

Question 14

What is cardiovascular drift?

Answer 14

When:
-Body begins to dehydrate
-Blood plasma then falls as the body begins to sweat
- venous return and stroke volume will decrease
-heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output

Question 15

What does the phrenic nerve do?

Answer 15

Sends a message to diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles to contract

This lasts for 2 seconds, then stops which causes the lungs to expire

Question 16

What does the intercostal nerve do?

Answer 16

It can increase expiration by activating the abdominals and internal intercostal muscles

Question 17

Effects of smoking on the body?

Answer 17

-irritation of trachea and bronchi
- cilia is damaged, excess music builds up in lungs ( cause smokers cough)
- alveoli damaged, walls break down and join together forming larger spaces then normal (reducing surface area)
- increase blood pressure
- carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin

Question 18

What is an ischaemic stroke caused by

Answer 18

A blood clot

Question 19

What is an haemorrhagic stroke caused by

Answer 19

Weakened blood vessel burst

Question 20

Two factors that cause Bohr shift?

Answer 20

CO2 and heat

Question 21

When blood arrives back to heart after being oxygenated, what happens?

Answer 21

Left atrium, AVN causes systole but with a 0.1 second delay (to allow filling of atria)
Then goes into left ventricle through bicuspid valve
then bundle of his
purkinje fibres
systole then out of the heart to the working muscles or organs

Question 22

A-V02 difference is what

Answer 22

the difference between oxygen concentration of the blood in the arteries and veins

Question 23

during exercise is avo2 diff higher or lower

Answer 23

HIGHER

Question 24

What is average ejection fraction for a normal and elite athlete

Answer 24

60%, 85%

Question 25

What do high density lipoproteins do?

Answer 25

GOOD Remove excess cholesterol, transfer cholesterol into liver where it is broken down lower the risk of heart disease

Question 26

What is the role of vascular shunt mechanism?

Answer 26

To ensure: - more blood goes to the heart, because heart needs o2 to beat faster and stronger - more blood goes to muscles as they need more oxygen, and blood is needed to remove waste products - more blood goes to skin, to cool the body down.

Question 27

What is vascular shunt?

Answer 27

the redirection of blood flow. (to working muscle/organs/where it is required)

Question 28

what does low density lipoproteins do?

Answer 28

it is bad cholesterol transports cholesterol to tissues where it is deposited

Question 29

What 2 mechanisms are used to aid vascular shunt and redirect blood flow?

Answer 29

vasoconstriction vasodilation

Question 30

During rest A-vo2 diff is ?

Answer 30

low

Question 31

Would a trained performer have a higher or lower a-vo2 diff? WHY?

Answer 31

HIGHER As the body is more effective at using 02, so lower resting hr

Question 32

97% of o2 combines with ? to form ? 3% of o2 dissolves into ?

Answer 32

Combines with haemoglobin to from oxyhaemoglobin blood plasma

Question 33

cardiac output = ?

Answer 33

stroke volume x hr

Question 34

during exercise cardiac output ?

Answer 34

increases, as heart rate and stroke volume both increase

Question 35

definition of cardiac output?

Answer 35

volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per minute

Question 36

What is the order of the cardiac conduction system?

Answer 36

SAN, AVN, bundle of piss, purkinje fibres