Cardiovascular Structure Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is the atria of the heart?
Two upper receiving chambers of the heart, separated into left and right atrium.
What is the ventricles of the heart?
It is the two lower discharging chambers, separated into left and right ventricles.
What is the wall of tissue that seperates the left and right atrium called?
The interartrial septum
What is the role of the left atrium?
- Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
- Pumps it into the left ventricle and out to the body
What is the role of the right atrium?
- Receives de-oxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava
- Pumps it into the right ventricle and out to the lungs
What is the acronym for the heart valves?
Toilet Paper My Ass
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonic
- Mitral
- Aortic
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Where is the mitral valve located?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Where is the aortic valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta.
What does regurgitation of a valve mean?
The valve does not fully close allowing blood to flow back. This is called a leaky valve.
What does stenosis of a valve mean?
The valve opening is narrowed and doesn’t allow the valve to open correctly. It is harder to pump blood and requires more force.
What are the two systems that control blood circulation?
- Pulmonary circuit
- Systemic circuit
Name the three layers of the heart? (In order from inner to outer)
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium (or serous pericardium)
What is the function of the endocardium?
The innermost layer of tissue that lines the chamber of the heart and covers the valves. Provides last line of protection from friction and trauma.
What is the function of the myocardium?
The middle layer of the heart which is thickest and most muscular. It is composed of cardiac muscle cells which allow the heart to contract.
Where is the myocardium most thickest and why?
It is most thickest around the left ventricle, as it requires substantial pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the circulatory system.
What is the function of the epicardium?
Thin layer of connective tissue and fat that serves as another layer of protection from trauma and friction.
What is the function of the pericardium? and what is it also known as?
- It has two layers that surround your heart.
- It protects your heart from stretching or overfilling.
- Lubricates the heart to prevent friction during each beat.
- It is also known as the pericardial sac.
What are the two layers of the pericardium? One layer is further divided into two, what are these layers called?
It has a serous and fibrous layer.
Serous is further divided into visceral and parietal.
Pericardial cavity is the space formed between the two layers of the serous percardium layer.
What is the function of the fibrous and serous layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous - outter layer, made of thick connective tissue and is attached to the diaphragm to anchor it.
Serous - inner layer, further divided into visceral and parietal layers which is called the pericardial sac and is filled with percardial fluid to prevent friction between each beat.
What is the acroynym to remember the layers of the Pericardium? Is this acronym from inner/outter most of the layer?
Fart Police Smell Villains. It is from outter to inner.
- Fibrous layer of the pericardium
- Parietal layer of serous percardium
- Serous fluid
- Visceral layer of the serous pericardium (Epicardium)
What is this and what is it’s function?
The inter ventricular septum.
What are the two atrioventricular valves and what is their purpose?
