Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Uses of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help maintain a constant body temprature
To help maintain fluid balance in the body

Question 2

Components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood

Question 3

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 3

The two major veins carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart.
Superior carries blood from the superior (higher) part of the body
Inferior carries blood from the inferior (lower) part of the body

Question 4

Right Atrium

Answer 4

The first chamber of the heart

Question 5

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 5

Allows the deoxygenated blood to move from the Right atrium to the right ventricle.

Question 6

Pulmonary Valve

Answer 6

Allows the deoxygenated blood to move from right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

Question 7

Pulmonary Artery

Answer 7

Transports the deoxygenated blood to the lungs to complete gas exchange

Question 8

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 8

Transports oxygenated blood to the Left atrium.

Question 9

Left atrium

Answer 9

The third chamber of the heart.

Question 10

Mitral Valve

Answer 10

Transports oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Question 11

Left Ventricle

Answer 11

Fourth chamber of the heart, very large muscle wall

Question 12

Aortic valve

Answer 12

Allows oxygenated blood to leave the left ventricle and go up the aorta to supply blood to the rest of the body.

Question 13

Valves

Answer 13

Prevent the back flow of blood and makes it a one way system

Question 14

Pericardium

Answer 14

The outside layer of the heart wall, made of epithileal and connective tissue
The pericardium has a pericardial cavity which allows the heart to expand and contract

Question 15

Endocardium

Answer 15

The inside layer of the heart wall, made up of epithelial and connective tissue

Question 16

Myocardium

Answer 16

The middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle

Question 17

Cardiac muscle

Answer 17

A tissue made up of cardiac myocytes.
Made up of striated (striped), branched and unnucleated fibres
Fibres joined by intercelated disks that conduct electrical impulses from one cell to another

Question 18

ATP

Answer 18

Adenosine tri-phosphate is the energy currency of the body. Produced by the mitochondria and allows cardiac muscles to contract.

Question 19

Name the types of blood vessels

Answer 19

Veins, arteries, venules, arterioles and capillaries

Question 20

Capillaries

Answer 20

The type of blood vessels where gas exchange occurs again. It happens next to tissues. Wall is made of a single layer of cells.

Question 21

Veins

Answer 21

Thin layer of muscle and elastic fibre, large lumen and thin outer wall.
Have valves which prevent back flow
Takes blood back to the heart

Question 22

Artery

Answer 22

Thick outer wall, thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres, small lumen
Pushes blood away from the heart

Question 23

Factors in pulse

Answer 23

Rhythm, strength, lying or standing, anxiety levels

Measured in bpm

Question 24

Blood

Answer 24

Liquid that carries oxygen, nutrients and waste products around the body.
Made up of erthyrocytes, leukocytes, plasma and platelets in different concentrations

Question 25

Sinoatrial Node

Answer 25

Nervous Tissue Natural pacemaker of the heart, causes all heart beats and determines the heart rate. Stimulates both left and right atria and causes them to contract, to allow the last 30% of deoxygenated blood to flow into the ventricles.

Question 26

Atrioventricular Node

Answer 26

Nervous Tissue Delays the passage of electrical impulses to the ventricles. This is to make sure the atria have ejected all the blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract.

Question 27

Bundle of HIS

Answer 27

Nervous Tissue Also known as the AV bundle. Takes the signal from the AV node and divides them into left and right bundles

Question 28

Left and Right bundle branch

Answer 28

Nervous Tissue | Conducts the electrical signals to the apex (tip) of the heart. Which then spreads to purkinje fibres.

Question 29

Purkinje Fibres

Answer 29

Nervous Tissue | Turns upwards and spreads electricle signals through the whole ventricular myocardium.

Question 30

Depolarisation

Answer 30

Depolarisation through cardiomyocytes will cause the cardiac muscle to contract.

Question 31

P Wave

Answer 31

When atria are full of blood the SA node fires, cause the mocardial cells in the atriums to depolarise and contract, this forms a P wave on the ECG reading.

Question 32

P-Q Signal

Answer 32

The time taken for the electrical signal to travel from the SA node to the AV node.

Question 33

QRS Complex

Answer 33

Represents the firing of the AV node and the depolarisation of the ventricles, whaich causes them to contract

Question 34

S-T Signal

Answer 34

Plateau in the hearts action potential, this is when the ventricles contract and pump blood.

Question 35

T wave

Answer 35

Shows ventricular repolarization directly before ventricular relaxation.

Question 36

Systole

Answer 36

When atria or ventricles are contracting Atrial systole 0.1 seconds Ventricle systole 0.3 seconds

Question 37

Diastole

Answer 37

When the atria or the ventricles are relaxed. | Complete diastole 0.4 seconds