Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MCAT Biology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Blood Flow Anatomy

starts at left atrium

A

left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> IVC and SVC -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Left Heart, Right Heart

A

Systemic, pulmonary
Thick Walled, Thin Walled
High Pressure, Low Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 Valves in heart

A 
2 atrioventricular (AV) valves
a) right AV
b) left AV
2 semilunar valves
a) pulmonary valve
b) aortic valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right AV
prevents backflow from ventricle to atrium during ventricular systole
LAB RAT - Left Atrium Bicupsid Right Atrium Tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bicuspid valve/mitral valve

A

left AV
prevents backflow from ventricle to atrium during ventricular systole
LAB RAT - left atrium bicuspid, right atrium tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pulmonary valve

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

prevents backflow from pulmonaries during ventricular diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aortic valve

A

separates left ventricle from aorta

prevents backflow from aorta during ventricular diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diastole

A

relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

systole

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cardiac output

A

total blood volume pumped by a ventricle in a minute
humans: 5 L / minute
heart rate * stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heart rate

A

beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

heart beat electric order

A

sinoastrial (SA) node -> atrioventricular (AV) node -> bundle of His (AV bundle) -> Purkinje Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sinoastrial Node

A

located in wall of right atrium

causes 2 atria to contract simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

location: junction of atria and ventricles

signal may be delayed until ventricles filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bundle of HIS

A

located in interventricular septum

relays signal from AV node to Purkinje Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

distribute electrical signal through ventricular muscle

causes ventricles to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Autonomic divisions

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

vagus nerve

A

used by parasympathetic neurotransmitters to slow the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sympathetic neurotransmitters effect on heart rate

A

speeds up heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are arteries highly elastic

Study These Flashcards
A

to help pump blood when they constrict after expanding

24
Q

How do veins prevent backflow

Study These Flashcards
A

large veins have one-way valves

25
How do veins continue moving the blood forward
most large veins are surrounded by skeletal muscle | muscles squeeze veins as muscles contract
26
Capillaries
vessels with a single endothelial layer allows for excchange of nutrients and gases delicate
27
sphygmomanometer
device used to measure blood pressure
28
blood pressure ranking
aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
29
plasma
liquid portion of blood | aqueous mixture of nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, and blood proteins
30
erythrocytes
``` red blood cells deliver oxygen carries hemoglobin no membrane bound organelles or mitochondria more room for carrying oxygen ```
31
leukocytes
white blood cells 1% of blood volume part of immune system, fighting infection two types: granulocytes and agrunolyctes
32
platelets
derived from megakaryocytes | used for clotting
33
Ancestors of all blood cells
hematopoietic stem cells
34
hemoglobin
protein that binds to oxygen | can bind to 4 oxygen molecules
35
granulocytes
granular leukocytes cytoplasmic granules are visible under microscopy granules are mini-bombs containing toxic chemicals to invading microbes types are: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
36
agranulocytes
do not contain granules | consist of lymphocytes and moncytes
37
lymphocytes
important in specific immune response some involved immediate fight against infection others are long-term memory bank
38
B-cells
lymphocytes that mature in spleen or lymph nodes | responsible for antibody generation
39
T-cells
lymphocytes that mature in the thymus kill virally infected cells activate other immune cells
40
monocytes
type of agranulocyte macrophages phagocytize foreign matter renamed to macrophages once they leave the bone marrow, travel the bloodstream, and move into tissue outside the vascular system
41
microglia
monocytes in the brain
42
platelets
``` function is to clot blood derived from break up of megakaryocytes in the marrow ```
43
anti-bodies produces by Antigen A blood cells
anti-B
44
anti-bodies produced by Antigen B blood cells
anti-A
45
anti-bodies produced by Antigen AB blood cells
none
46
anti-bodies produced by Antigen O blood cells
anti-A and anti-B
47
RH factor
surface protein expressed in red blood cells
48
RH+
RH protein on erythrocytes | dominant trait
49
erythroblastosis fetalis
RH- mother immune system attacking RH+ fetal blood cells | happens during 2nd pregnancy if first pregnancy was RH+
50
hemoglobin cooperative binding
as more oxygen molecules bond/depart from hemoglobin, the affinity for oxygen increases/decreases
51
lower PH effect on hemoglobin affinity
decreases it likely result of cellular metabolism increasing CO2 means metabolically active tissue needs more oxygen
52
Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Transport
Absorbed in small intestine capillaries | enter systemic circulation via hepatic portal system
53
Fat Transport
absorbed into lacteals in small intestine enter systemic circulation via thoracic duct in bloodstream packaged into lipoproteins
54
Wastes Transport
enter blood from tissues through capillaries | leave blood when blood passes excretory organs
55
hydrostatic pressure
generated by heart contraction/artery elasticity arteriole end of capillary forces fluid from blood to interstitial space
56
oncotic (osmotic) pressure
higher than hydrostatic pressure at venule end of capillary bed exerts inward force from tissues into bloodstream

MCAT Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions