Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Four major functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

1. maintain homeostasis
2. Deliver nutrients ( O2, CHO, amino-acids, fatty acids, lipids, vitamins, hormones, cytokines, immune cells, water, and heat )
3. Remove waste products ( Co2, L-lactate, protons, urea, water, and heat)
4. To be energetically efficient with adequate reserve capacity

Question 2

Galen

Answer 2

Stated that there were pores in the interventricular septum that helped carry the “ vital spirit”

Question 3

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 3

No pored in the interventricular septum, cardiac contractions was associated with a pulse

Question 4

William Harvey

Answer 4

Considered to have discovered the circulatory system, with the heart as a pump and one way valves in veins and heart

Question 5

Stephen Hales

Answer 5

Was considered to be the first cardiovascular physiologist. He measured blood pressure in the carotid artery and jugular vein

Question 6

The cardiovascular system consist of

Answer 6

Pump
Circuits
Fluid

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

Is slow over short distances so that metabolically active cells must be within 100um of a capillary carrying blood

Question 8

Bulk flow

Answer 8

Is rapid over long distances
Conduits = artery, arterioles
Energy for flow is produced by the perfusion pressure difference

Question 9

The fluid inside the circuit is called

Answer 9

Blood

Question 10

The viscosity of blood increases with ______

Answer 10

Hematocrit

Question 11

The fluid outside the circuit includes

Answer 11

Interstitial fluid, lymphatic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, and pericardial fluid.

Question 12

Which one of the following statements concerning the cardiovascular system is correct?
A. The cardiovascular system consists of a pump, fluid, and a circuit in an open system
B. The cardiovascular system plays a minor role in cellular homeostasis
C. The cardiovascular system delivers nutrients such as CO2 and removes wastes products such as O2 from cells in organ beds
D. The cardiovascular system must be energetically efficient with adequate reserve capacity

Answer 12

D.

Question 13

Heart ( the pump)

Answer 13

2 pumps in a series that share a common wall for energy efficiency . The heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac that contains pericardial fluid

Question 14

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 14

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Question 15

What is the valve between the RV and RA

Answer 15

Tricuspid valve

Question 16

What is the valve between PA and RV

Answer 16

Pulmonic valve

Question 17

What is the valve between the LV and LA

Answer 17

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 18

What is the valve between Ascending aorta and LV

Answer 18

Aortic valve

Question 19

What muscles are attached to the AV valves via chordae tendinae

Answer 19

Papillary muscles

Question 20

Chordae tendinae

Answer 20

Minimize eversion of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves into the RA and LA when the ventricle contracts

Question 21

Arteries

Answer 21

Conduit
Vessels that transport blood rapidly and at high pressure away from the heart

Question 22

Aterioles

Answer 22

Last small branches of the arteries that act to regulate flow through a capillary bed

Question 23

Capillaries

Answer 23

A very thin walled vessel that permits exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 24

Venules

Answer 24

Small vessels that drain blood from the capillary bed
Venules join together to form veins

Question 25

Veins

Answer 25

Capacitance Vessels that transport at low pressure towards the heart Valves are present in larger veins to ensure unidirectional floe Stores blood for mobilization if needed

Question 26

Fluid is moved by a pump that must produce ____________ _____________

Answer 26

Intermittent flow

Question 27

Bulk flow

Answer 27

Is rapid and over large distances through conduit vessels such as the artery and arterioles

Question 28

The driving force for flow is produced by

Answer 28

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 29

Arteries are conduit vessels =

Answer 29

Bulk flow

Question 30

Veins are

Answer 30

Capacitance vessels High compliance= low stiffness

Question 31

2 types of pressure

Answer 31

Perfusion pressure Transmural pressure

Question 32

Pulmonary circuits are arranged in

Answer 32

Series

Question 33

Organs within the systemic circulation are in

Answer 33

Parallel

Question 34

If all the blood vessels in parallel are added together, which one of the following classes of vessel has the greatest net cross-sectional area and consequently the slowest rate of flow? a) Ascending aorta b) Conduit arteries c) Arterioles d) Capillaries e) Venules

Answer 34

D

Question 35

Which cardiac valves would a red blood cell pass through as it flows from the pulmonary artery through the lungs into the aorta? a) Tricuspid (first) and pulmonary (second) b) Pulmonary (first) and mitral (second) c) Mitral (first) and aortic (second) d) Aortic (first) and tricuspid (second)

Answer 35

C