Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Present at erythrocyte-plasma junction

Answer 1

Buffy coat

Question 2

The Buffy coat contains

Answer 2

leukocytes and platelets

Question 3

what percentage of the total volume of blood do erythrocytes make up?

Answer 3

45%

Question 4

This 45% is also termed

Answer 4

the hematocrit

Question 5

What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?

Answer 5

55%(remaining)

Question 6

Blood accounts for approx ___ of body weight

Answer 6

8%

Question 7

average healthy volume in adult males; adult females

Answer 7

5-6 L; 4-5 L

Question 8

List some functions of blood

Answer 8

Distribution, Regulation, Protection

Question 9

Most plasma proteins are produced by

Answer 9

the liver

Question 10

maintaining normal pH in body tissues

Answer 10

a regulatory function of blood

Question 11

maintaining adequate fluid volume of blood

Answer 11

a regulatory function of blood

Question 12

preventing blood loss/clotting formation action

Answer 12

a protective function of blood

Question 13

preventing infection

Answer 13

a protective function of blood

Question 14

a straw-colored, sticky fluid that is 90% water and contains over 100 different solutes, including electrolytes and proteins

Answer 14

blood plasma

Question 15

accounts for 60% of plasma protein

Answer 15

albumin(major blood protein contributing to osmotic pressure)

Question 16

formed elements of blood

Answer 16

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Question 17

Only ____ are complete cells with nuclei

Answer 17

leukocytes

Question 18

“bags” of Hb

Answer 18

RBC/erythrocytes

Question 19

How do erythrocytes generate ATP?

Answer 19

anaerobic mechanisms. they do not consume any of the oxygen they carry, which makes them highly efficient oxygen transporters.

Question 20

Hemoglobin contains

Answer 20

2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups

Question 21

the heme pigment is bound to the protein; each heme group bears an iron atom in its

Answer 21

globin; center

Question 22

what male hormone enhances EPO

Answer 22

testosterone

Question 23

the average daily loss of iron in women in mg is roughly

Answer 23

1.7 mg

Question 24

List two other necessary micronutrients(vitamins)linked to potential erythrocyte deficits

Answer 24

B12 and Folic Acid

Question 25

the "red blood cell" graveyard

Answer 25

spleen

Question 26

when blood oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism

Answer 26

anemia

Question 27

anemia is a _____ rather than a disease itself.

Answer 27

sign of some disorder

Question 28

anemia caused by blood loss

Answer 28

hemorrhagic anemia

Question 29

results in large, pale cells called microcytes

Answer 29

pernicious anemia

Question 30

results from destruction or inhibition of of red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses

Answer 30

aplastic anemia

Question 31

erythrocytes rupture or lyse prematurely

Answer 31

hemolytic anemia(s)

Question 32

Thalassemias

Answer 32

Typically occur in Mediterranean ancestry. One of the globin chains is absent or fault, erythrocytes are thin, delicate and deficient in hemoglobin.

Question 33

Sickled erythrocyte results from a single amino acid change in the __________.

Answer 33

Beta chain of hemoglobin

Question 34

polycythemia

Answer 34

increases erythrocyte count so blood becomes more viscous and sluggish

Question 35

polycythemia vera

Answer 35

bone marrow cancer. High RBC count and extreme dizziness.

Question 36

artificially induced polycythemia

Answer 36

Blood Doping

Question 37

accounts for less than 1% of total blood volume

Answer 37

WBCs (leukocytes)

Question 38

diapedesis

Answer 38

WBCs ability to slip out of capillary blood vessels and use the circulatory system to transport to areas of the body where they mount inflammatory and immune responses

Question 39

rarest white blood cells

Answer 39

Basophils

Question 40

histamine is an inflammatory chemical that acts as a

Answer 40

vasodilator

Question 41

Accounts for 25% or more of the leukocyte population

Answer 41

Lymphocytes

Question 42

Account for 3-8% of WBCs

Answer 42

Monocytes

Question 43

replacing blood volume generally consists of

Answer 43

an isotonic salt solution.

Question 44

Group O is the

Answer 44

universal donor blood type

Question 45

three steps in homeostasis after a blood vessel rupture

Answer 45

1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 46

factors that inhibit clogging are

Answer 46

anticoagulants

Question 47

removes unneeded clots when healing has occurred

Answer 47

fibrinolysis

Question 48

describe a lymphocyte

Answer 48

large, spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

Question 49

describe a monocyte

Answer 49

kidney-shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

Question 50

what network of proteins on the face of RBCs allows for fluidity of their structure?

Answer 50

Spectrin

Question 51

when oxygen combines with iron, it is called

Answer 51

oxyhemoglobin

Question 52

when oxygen detaches from iron, hemoglobin becomes

Answer 52

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 53

blood cell formation

Answer 53

hematopoiesis

Question 54

blood cell forming stem cell

Answer 54

hemocytoblast

Question 55

erythropoiesis

Answer 55

formation of red blood cells

Question 56

first step in erythropoiesis

Answer 56

myeloid stem cells transforms into a proerythroblast

Question 57

_______ arise and produce a large number of ribosomes

Answer 57

pro erythroblast