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Science - 1st quarterly Biology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

The fluid between tissues.

A

Interstitial fluid

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2
Q

Where is interstitial fluid located?

A

Found in spaces between cells

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3
Q

What is the circulating fluid in the closed circulatory system?

A

Blood

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4
Q

What is the circulating fluid in the open circulatory system?

A

Hemolymph

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5
Q

How will the hemolymph return to the heart?

A

Through the pores

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6
Q

Blood flow of a closed circulatory system

A

heart > artery > capillaries > cells, tissues > capillaries > veins > back to the heart

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7
Q

Flow of blood in an open circulatory system

A

Heart > arterial system > cells, tissues > sinuses (body spaces) > back to the heart via diffusion

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8
Q

2 pumping circuits of double circulation

A

pulmonary circuit and systematic circuit

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9
Q

In double circulation, the blood that passes through the respiratory capillaries will be going directly to systematic capillaries first, before returning to the heart. Is the statement true or false?

A

False. In double circulation, the blood will be returned to the heart first instead of going directly to the systematic capillaries.

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9
Q

All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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10
Q

It carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

A

Pulmonary arteries

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11
Q

What is the challenge in double circulation?

A

preventing the mixing of deoxygenated blood from the veins and the oxygenated blood from the lungs.

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12
Q

The extent of mixing deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood is further reduced by the ______________.

A

ridge in their ventricle

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13
Q

Pulmocutaneous comes from the words pulmo and cutaneous, which means ______(1) and _______(2), respectively.

A

(1) lungs (2) skin

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14
Q

This circuit is responsible for bringing blood to the skin for gas exchange to occur.

A

Pulmocutaneous circulation

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15
Q

Birds and mammals have developed 10-chambered hearts. True or false? If false, what is the correct answer?

A

False, 4 chambered hearts

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16
Q

Which chambers of heart receives oxygenated blood?

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

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17
Q

Which chambers of heart receives DEoxygenated blood?

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

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18
Q

Purpose of the sinus venosus in the vertebrate heart is to be a ___________.

A

pacemaker

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19
Q

2 types of circulation in mammals and birds

A

Pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation

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20
Q

A tissue that persists in the right atrial wall of mammalian and avian hearts because sinus venosus is absent in mammals and birds.

A

Sinoatrial node (SA)

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21
Q

Also known as warm-blooded animals, have the ability to maintain their internal body temperature independent of the environment.

A

Endotherms

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22
Q

pH of blood

A

between 7.35 and 7.45

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23
Q

The blood is ___ of the total body weight.

A

8%

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24
Q

How many liters of blood does the female body have?

A

4-5

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25
Q

How many liters of blood does the male body have?

A

5-6

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26
Q

Formed elements that constitute 45% of the total blood volume.

A

Cellular components

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27
Q

Also known as red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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28
Q

A whitish layer seen just above the red blood cells

A

Buffy coat

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29
Q

Also known as the white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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30
Q

Also known as platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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31
Q

Fluid component of the blood

A

Plasma

32
Q

The fraction of erythrocytes in the total blood volume is called ________.

A

Hematocrit

33
Q

The shape of an RBC is a _______ , it is a flattened and thinner at the center than at the edges.

A

Biconcave

34
Q

Red blood cells do not have mitochondria. True or False?

A

True

35
Q

WBC’s constitute only __ of the total blood volume.

A

1%

36
Q

In terms of presence of the nucleus, RBC’s are _______.

A

Anucleate

37
Q

Where can WBC’s be found?

A

Interstitial fluid and lymphatic system

38
Q

A white blood cell that aids in allergic reaction

A

Basophil

39
Q

A white blood cell that assists in regulating parasitic infection and allergic reaction.

A

Eosinophil

40
Q

A white blood cell that helps in fighting bacterial and fungal infections.

A

Neutrophil

41
Q

A white blood cell that is responsible for viral infection and adaptive immunity.

A

Lymphocyte

42
Q

A white blood cell that fights chronic infections and belongs to the innate immunity.

A

Monocyte

43
Q

A small cut in your skin will cause your liver to release _____ into the blood once an injury in the blood vessel in present.

A

Prothrombin

44
Q

Most abundant type of WBC’s

A

Neutrophils

45
Q

Plasma proteins that play a role in regulating water movement between tissues and blood, protecting against foreign invaders and carrying lipids and steroid hormones, and helping in blood clotting.

A

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

46
Q

Normal blood pH in humans

A

7.4

47
Q

Essential in sustaining the blood’s osmotic balance.

A

Inorganic salts in the form of dissolved ions

48
Q

Three types of blood vessels

A

Artery, vein, and capillary

49
Q

Where blood away from the heart passes through

A

Artery

50
Q

where blood from all parts of the body to the heart passes through

A

veins

51
Q

Site of gas exchange

A

capillaries

52
Q

The interior cavity through which blood flows

A

Lumen

53
Q

The blood vessel which has the largest diameter

A

vein

54
Q

A layer of flattened epithelial cells

A

Endothelium

55
Q

Why do arteries have thicker layers?

A

It is important to accommodate blood pumped at high pressure by the heart

55
Q

Role of endothelium

A

plays a role in decreasing resistance to blood flow

56
Q

To get the vessel’s cross-sectional area, use the formula for the ________________.

A

area of a circle

57
Q

Highest total cross sectional area

A

capillaries

58
Q

How is blood pressure created?

A

when ventricle of the heart contracts

59
Q

3 parts of the heart

A

chambers, vessels, and the valves

60
Q

The first site where blood flowing away from the heart goes.

A

Aorta

61
Q

Why does the human heart have 4 chambers?

A

to compensate for higher metabolic activities

62
Q

4 valves in the heart

A

Mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve

63
Q

Biggest veins in the heart

A

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

64
Q

What is the function of the 4 valves in the heart?

A

prevent backflow of blood

65
Q

Other term for tricuspid and mitral valves

A

atrioventricular valves

66
Q

It is characterized by a rounded swelling in any arterial wall but usually in the aorta.

A

Aneurysm

67
Q

Fats, cholesterol, cellular debris, calcium, and other substances build up in the wall of an artery.

A

Atherosclerosis

68
Q

It involves heart defects present from birth

A

Congenital heart defects

69
Q

The force of blood against the arterial walls

A

Hypertension

70
Q

People with this disease bleed longer than a normal person because they lack clotting proteins.

A

Hemophilia

71
Q

3 types of atherosclerosis

A

Carotoid, coronary, renal artery

72
Q

This is characterized by a damaged vessel supplying blood to the heart.

A

Coronary heart disease

73
Q

A term used to babies because they are not getting enough oxygen

A

Blue babies

74
Q

First successful operation for blue babies

A

1944

75
Q

Since RBCs do not have mitochondria, it means that they use ____________________ for ATP generation.

A

Anaerobic metabolism

76
Q

Prevents the backflow of blood

A

valves

Science - 1st quarterly Biology (5 decks)

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