Cardiovascular system

Question 1

The fluid between tissues.

Answer 1

Interstitial fluid

Question 2

Where is interstitial fluid located?

Answer 2

Found in spaces between cells

Question 3

What is the circulating fluid in the closed circulatory system?

Answer 3

Blood

Question 4

What is the circulating fluid in the open circulatory system?

Answer 4

Hemolymph

Question 5

How will the hemolymph return to the heart?

Answer 5

Through the pores

Question 6

Blood flow of a closed circulatory system

Answer 6

heart > artery > capillaries > cells, tissues > capillaries > veins > back to the heart

Question 7

Flow of blood in an open circulatory system

Answer 7

Heart > arterial system > cells, tissues > sinuses (body spaces) > back to the heart via diffusion

Question 8

2 pumping circuits of double circulation

Answer 8

pulmonary circuit and systematic circuit

Question 9

In double circulation, the blood that passes through the respiratory capillaries will be going directly to systematic capillaries first, before returning to the heart. Is the statement true or false?

Answer 9

False. In double circulation, the blood will be returned to the heart first instead of going directly to the systematic capillaries.

Question 9

All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the?

Answer 9

Pulmonary arteries

Question 10

It carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

Answer 10

Pulmonary arteries

Question 11

What is the challenge in double circulation?

Answer 11

preventing the mixing of deoxygenated blood from the veins and the oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 12

The extent of mixing deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood is further reduced by the ______________.

Answer 12

ridge in their ventricle

Question 13

Pulmocutaneous comes from the words pulmo and cutaneous, which means ______(1) and _______(2), respectively.

Answer 13

(1) lungs (2) skin

Question 14

This circuit is responsible for bringing blood to the skin for gas exchange to occur.

Answer 14

Pulmocutaneous circulation

Question 15

Birds and mammals have developed 10-chambered hearts. True or false? If false, what is the correct answer?

Answer 15

False, 4 chambered hearts

Question 16

Which chambers of heart receives oxygenated blood?

Answer 16

Left atrium and left ventricle

Question 17

Which chambers of heart receives DEoxygenated blood?

Answer 17

Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 18

Purpose of the sinus venosus in the vertebrate heart is to be a ___________.

Answer 18

pacemaker

Question 19

2 types of circulation in mammals and birds

Answer 19

Pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation

Question 20

A tissue that persists in the right atrial wall of mammalian and avian hearts because sinus venosus is absent in mammals and birds.

Answer 20

Sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 21

Also known as warm-blooded animals, have the ability to maintain their internal body temperature independent of the environment.

Answer 21

Endotherms

Question 22

pH of blood

Answer 22

between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 23

The blood is ___ of the total body weight.

Answer 23

8%

Question 24

How many liters of blood does the female body have?

Answer 24

4-5

Question 25

How many liters of blood does the male body have?

Answer 25

5-6

Question 26

Formed elements that constitute 45% of the total blood volume.

Answer 26

Cellular components

Question 27

Also known as red blood cells

Answer 27

Erythrocytes

Question 28

A whitish layer seen just above the red blood cells

Answer 28

Buffy coat

Question 29

Also known as the white blood cells

Answer 29

Leukocytes

Question 30

Also known as platelets

Answer 30

Thrombocytes

Question 31

Fluid component of the blood

Answer 31

Plasma

Question 32

The fraction of erythrocytes in the total blood volume is called ________.

Answer 32

Hematocrit

Question 33

The shape of an RBC is a _______ , it is a flattened and thinner at the center than at the edges.

Answer 33

Biconcave

Question 34

Red blood cells do not have mitochondria. True or False?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

WBC's constitute only __ of the total blood volume.

Answer 35

1%

Question 36

In terms of presence of the nucleus, RBC's are _______.

Answer 36

Anucleate

Question 37

Where can WBC's be found?

Answer 37

Interstitial fluid and lymphatic system

Question 38

A white blood cell that aids in allergic reaction

Answer 38

Basophil

Question 39

A white blood cell that assists in regulating parasitic infection and allergic reaction.

Answer 39

Eosinophil

Question 40

A white blood cell that helps in fighting bacterial and fungal infections.

Answer 40

Neutrophil

Question 41

A white blood cell that is responsible for viral infection and adaptive immunity.

Answer 41

Lymphocyte

Question 42

A white blood cell that fights chronic infections and belongs to the innate immunity.

Answer 42

Monocyte

Question 43

A small cut in your skin will cause your liver to release _____ into the blood once an injury in the blood vessel in present.

Answer 43

Prothrombin

Question 44

Most abundant type of WBC's

Answer 44

Neutrophils

Question 45

Plasma proteins that play a role in regulating water movement between tissues and blood, protecting against foreign invaders and carrying lipids and steroid hormones, and helping in blood clotting.

Answer 45

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

Question 46

Normal blood pH in humans

Answer 46

7.4

Question 47

Essential in sustaining the blood's osmotic balance.

Answer 47

Inorganic salts in the form of dissolved ions

Question 48

Three types of blood vessels

Answer 48

Artery, vein, and capillary

Question 49

Where blood away from the heart passes through

Answer 49

Artery

Question 50

where blood from all parts of the body to the heart passes through

Answer 50

veins

Question 51

Site of gas exchange

Answer 51

capillaries

Question 52

The interior cavity through which blood flows

Answer 52

Lumen

Question 53

The blood vessel which has the largest diameter

Answer 53

vein

Question 54

A layer of flattened epithelial cells

Answer 54

Endothelium

Question 55

Why do arteries have thicker layers?

Answer 55

It is important to accommodate blood pumped at high pressure by the heart

Question 55

Role of endothelium

Answer 55

plays a role in decreasing resistance to blood flow

Question 56

To get the vessel's cross-sectional area, use the formula for the ________________.

Answer 56

area of a circle

Question 57

Highest total cross sectional area

Answer 57

capillaries

Question 58

How is blood pressure created?

Answer 58

when ventricle of the heart contracts

Question 59

3 parts of the heart

Answer 59

chambers, vessels, and the valves

Question 60

The first site where blood flowing away from the heart goes.

Answer 60

Aorta

Question 61

Why does the human heart have 4 chambers?

Answer 61

to compensate for higher metabolic activities

Question 62

4 valves in the heart

Answer 62

Mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve

Question 63

Biggest veins in the heart

Answer 63

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Question 64

What is the function of the 4 valves in the heart?

Answer 64

prevent backflow of blood

Question 65

Other term for tricuspid and mitral valves

Answer 65

atrioventricular valves

Question 66

It is characterized by a rounded swelling in any arterial wall but usually in the aorta.

Answer 66

Aneurysm

Question 67

Fats, cholesterol, cellular debris, calcium, and other substances build up in the wall of an artery.

Answer 67

Atherosclerosis

Question 68

It involves heart defects present from birth

Answer 68

Congenital heart defects

Question 69

The force of blood against the arterial walls

Answer 69

Hypertension

Question 70

People with this disease bleed longer than a normal person because they lack clotting proteins.

Answer 70

Hemophilia

Question 71

3 types of atherosclerosis

Answer 71

Carotoid, coronary, renal artery

Question 72

This is characterized by a damaged vessel supplying blood to the heart.

Answer 72

Coronary heart disease

Question 73

A term used to babies because they are not getting enough oxygen

Answer 73

Blue babies

Question 74

First successful operation for blue babies

Answer 74

1944

Question 75

Since RBCs do not have mitochondria, it means that they use ____________________ for ATP generation.

Answer 75

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 76

Prevents the backflow of blood

Answer 76

valves