Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Radial artery location?

Answer 1

Between tendon of flexor carpi radialis and tendon of brachioradialis

Question 2

Ulnar artery location?

Answer 2

Between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

Brachial artery location?

Answer 3

Medial to biceps tendon
Middle third of humerus into the medial bicipital groove

Question 4

Common carotid artery location?

Answer 4

Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Lateral border of the thyroid cartilage

detect CHARACTER and VOLUME

Question 5

Apex beat location?

Answer 5

5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line

Question 6

Displaced apex beat?

Answer 6

Cardiomegaly

Question 7

Absent apex beat in 5th ICS MCL?

Answer 7

Pericardial effusion
Obesity
Pleural effusion
Emphysema

Question 8

Parasternal heave?

Answer 8

Precordial impulse that can be palpated
Place heal of hand parallel to left sternal edge

If present (with each systole), associated with right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 9

Thrill?

Answer 9

Palpable vibration caused by turbulent blood flow through a heart valve (palpable murmur)
Assess across each heart valve

Question 10

Aortic valve location?

Answer 10

Right sternalborder, 2nd ICS

Question 11

Pulmonary valve location?

Answer 11

Left sternal border, 2nd ICS

Question 12

Tricuspid valve location?

Answer 12

Left 5th costo-sternal border

Question 13

Mitral valve location?

Answer 13

Left 5th ICS at apex beat

USE BELL OF STETHESCOPE

Question 14

Causes of ejection systolic murmur?

Answer 14

Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic sclerosis
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Atrial septal defect

Question 15

Aortic stenosis accentuation manoeuvres?

Answer 15

Auscultate carotid arteries using diaphragm whilst patient HOLDS BREATH
Radiation of an ejection systolic murmur

Question 16

Aortic regurgitation accentuation manoeuvres?

Answer 16

Sit patient forwards and auscultation over aortic area with diaphragm during EXPIRATION
Early diastolic murmur

Question 17

Left lateral decubitus position (LLDP)

Answer 17

To accentuate mitral valve regurgitation and mitral stenosis

Question 18

Mitral regurgitation accentuation manoeuvres?

Answer 18

LLDP
Mitral area
Pansystolic murmur during EXPIRATION
Auscultate into axilla to identify radiation of murmur
Use diaphragm of stethoscope

Question 19

Mitral stenosis accentuation manoeuvres?

Answer 19

Use BELL, auscultate mitral area
During EXPIRATION
Mid-diastolic murmur
LLDP

Question 20

Palpation of lower limb arteries?

Answer 20

Femoral artery
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial artery
Popliteal artery

Question 21

Femoral pulse location?

Answer 21

Mid-inguinal point
Between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

Question 22

Popliteal pulse?

Answer 22

Inferior region of popliteal fossa
Thumb on tibial tuberosity
Passively flex knee to 30 degrees, curl fingers into popliteal fossa
Compress popliteal artery against the tibia

Question 23

Posterior tibial pulse?

Answer 23

Posterior to medial malleolus of tibia

Question 24

Dorsal Pedis pulse?

Answer 24

On dorsum of foot, lateral extensor hallucis longus tendon, over the second, and third cuneiform bones

Question 25

Right upper border of heart?

Answer 25

3rd costal cartilage, 1cm from sternal edge

Question 26

Right lower border

Answer 26

6th costal cartilage, 1cm from sternal edge

Question 27

Left upper border

Answer 27

2nd intercostal space, 2.5cm from sternal edge

Question 28

Left lower border?

Answer 28

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line

Question 29

Superficial temporal artery

Answer 29

In front of tragus of ear - vessel is terminal branch of external carotid artery

Question 30

Subclavian artery?

Answer 30

In supraclavicular fossa region, at angle between clavicle and sternocleidomastoid

Question 31

Aortic dissection type A and B?

Answer 31

Type A - severe chest pain, anterior and posterior Type B - present with back pain, followed by chest and abdo pain

Question 32

Which view of the heart do electrodes V1 and V2 correspond to?

Answer 32

Septal view of the heart

Question 33

Which view of the heart do electrodes V3 and V4 correspond to?

Answer 33

Anterior view of the heart

Question 34

Which view of the heart do electrodes V5 and V6 correspond to?

Answer 34

Lateral view of the heart

Question 35

Which view of the heart do leads I, aVR and AVL correspond to?

Answer 35

Lateral view

Question 36

Which view of the heart do leads II, III and aVF correspond to?

Answer 36

Inferior view