cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 1

Supply of oxygen rich blood to the heart tissue

Question 2

Which arteries supply the heart with blood?

Answer 2

right coronary artery
left coronary artery

Question 3

Where do the coronary arteries branch from?

Answer 3

aorta

Question 4

What is the heart?

Answer 4

muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels

Question 5

What do vessels do?

Answer 5

Deliver blood to the body and then return it back to the heart

Question 6

What is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 6

right side of the heart
carries O2 poor blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then returns it to the heart

Question 7

What is the systemic circuit?

Answer 7

left side of the heart
carries O2 rich blood to the body and returns O2 poor blood back to the heart

Question 8

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 8

Hearts blood supply - O2

Question 9

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 9

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

Question 10

Endocardium

Answer 10

innermost lining
simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of loose Ct
continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels

Question 11

Myocardium

Answer 11

cardiac muscle
thickest layer

Question 12

Epicardium

Answer 12

simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of loose CT

Question 13

What is systole?

Answer 13

contraction

Question 14

What is diastole?

Answer 14

relaxation

Question 15

What are the major branches off the aorta?

Answer 15

brachioceohalic artery: right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 16

Embryological development of the heart

Answer 16

The heart forms from an embryonic tissue called mesoderm around 18 to 19 days after fertilization.

Question 17

When does the heart start beating?

Answer 17

22 days after conception or 5 weeks and 1 day gestation

Question 18

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

Answer 18

Tunica intima, Tunica media, and Tunica externa

Question 19

Characteristics of the tunica intima

Answer 19

consists of an inner surface of smooth endothelium covered by a surface of elastic tissues

Question 20

Characteristics of the tunica media

Answer 20

made up principally of smooth (involuntary) muscle cells and elastic fibres arranged in roughly spiral layers.

Question 21

Characteristics of the tunica adventitia

Answer 21

a constitutes the outermost layer of connective tissues
provides the shape, strength, and support for arteries and veins.

Question 22

What are the 4 valves of the heart?

Answer 22

aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve

Question 23

What are the different circuits of the heart?

Answer 23

Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation

Question 24

The walls of which ventricle is thicker?

Answer 24

The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the entire body

Question 25

Action potential of the heart

Answer 25

electrical changes in the heart's membrane that trigger the heart's contraction and relaxation

Question 26

Conduction in the heart

Answer 26

the network of signals that keeps your heart beating

Question 27

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 27

Atrial systole Ventricular systole Atrial diastole Ventricular diastole

Question 28

Atrial systole

Answer 28

The atria contract and push blood into the ventricles

Question 29

Ventricular systole

Answer 29

The ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart

Question 30

Atrial diastole

Answer 30

The atria relax and fill with blood

Question 31

Ventricular diastole

Answer 31

The ventricles relax and fill with blood

Question 32

What is the average stroke volume at rest?

Answer 32

50 to 100 ml.

Question 33

How is heart rate changed?

Answer 33

adapts to our body's need for energy throughout the day

Question 34

Isovolumetric contraction

Answer 34

contraction of a closed ventricular chamber without a change in volume

Question 35

Ventricular ejection

Answer 35

the ventricles eject blood to the body (through the aorta) and to the lungs (through the pulmonary artery).

Question 36

Isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 36

the time immediately after ventricular contraction when the aortic valve has closed, but the mitral valve has not yet opened

Question 37

Ventricular filling

Answer 37

the high pressure from the blood vessels forces blood into the expanding ventricle.