Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Base is the ____ part of heart

Answer 1

Top

Question 2

Apex is the ______ part of the heart

Answer 2

Bottom

Question 3

How many layers is the heart compose of ?

Answer 3

4
ENdocardium (inner, thin)
Myocardium (middle)
EPIcardium (outer, thin)
Pericardium (fluid filled sac around ❤️)

Question 4

Order of blood flow in ❤️?

Answer 4

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve, lungs
Left atrium, mitral valve, left Ventricle
Aorta

Question 5

What valves makeup Atrioventricular? separates atrium from ventricle
S1 sound LUB

Answer 5

Tricuspid & Mitral

Question 6

What valves makeup Semilunar? separates ventricles from pulmonary artery and aorta
S2 sound DUB

Answer 6

Pulmonic: right ventricle from pulmonary artery
Aortic: left ventricle from aorta

Question 7

Systole (Depolarization)

Answer 7

Heart ventricles contracting, pump blood out of aorta

Question 8

Diastole (repolarization=relaxing)

Answer 8

heart relaxes, ventricle fills chamber with blood

Question 9

Which node is the pacemaker?

Answer 9

SA Node (SinoAtrial)

Question 10

P wave?

Answer 10

normal Depolarization (atria contracting)

Question 11

QRS?

Answer 11

electrical impulses traveling through ventricles

Question 12

T wave?

Answer 12

repolarization (atria and ventricles relax)

Question 13

Which chamber of heart does most of work?

Answer 13

Left ventricle, pumps blood to the aorta

Question 14

Which sound occurs early in diastole? faint low pitch!! normal in physically active adults but early sign of heath failure in older adults

Answer 14

S3 sound (best heard with bell lying supine)

Question 15

Which heart sound occurs at the end of diastole?

Answer 15

S4

Question 16

What sound do heart murmurs make?

Answer 16

Swishing

Question 17

Two types of heart murmurs

Answer 17

Innocent/Physiological - not caused by heart problem

Abnormal/ Pathological

Question 18

Grading of heart murmurs?

Answer 18

1 to 6
1 - VI

Question 19

what is Angina pectoris?

Answer 19

Chest pain

Question 20

symptoms of heart attack?

Answer 20

Uncomfortable pressure/squeezing
Jaw pain, upper body pain
cold sweat
nausea
lightheadedness

Question 21

What is angina (chest pain) caused by?

Answer 21

Tissue ischemia (low oxygen)

Question 22

When palpating apical pulse what characteristics should you assess?

Answer 22

Location, Amplitude (0, 1+, 2+, 3+)

Question 23

How can heart sounds be auscultated?

Answer 23

Supine
Semi Fowlers
Fowlers
Left lying position

Question 24

is LDL good or bad cholesterol?
Optimal range

Answer 24

BAD
less than 100mg/dL

Question 25

is HDL good or bad cholesterol? ideal range

Answer 25

60mg and higher is protective >40mg is major risk of heart disease

Question 26

do not hesitate to

Answer 26

expand auscultatory sites

Question 27

Apical pulse may not be palpable in which individuals?

Answer 27

OBESE patient , thin and frail patient, patient w barrel chest