Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What major organs compromise the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Heart, Blood Vessels (Arteries, Capillaries, Veins)

Question 2

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

transports nutrients, wastes, water and hormones and helps regulate body temp.

Question 3

What are the 3 tissue layers in the heart wall (outermost to inner)?

Answer 3

Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium

Question 4

What is the Epicardium made up of?

Answer 4

connective and epithelial tissue

Question 5

What is the Myocardium made up of?

Answer 5

composed of cardiac muscle that pumps blood out of the heart

Question 6

What is the Endocardium made up of?

Answer 6

connective and epithelial tissue

Question 7

What is the pericardium?

Answer 7

A fibrous sac that encloses the heart

Question 8

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 8

Visceral pericardium (Innermost layer)
Parietal pericardium (Outside)

Question 9

What are the functions of the A-V valves? What are they called?

Answer 9

ensure one way flow of blood from atria to ventrilce

- tricuspid and bicuspid valve

Question 10

What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

Answer 10

Mitral valve

Question 11

What are the cusps of the A-V valves connected to?

Answer 11

chordae tendinae

Question 12

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 12

Aortic valve and pulmonary valve

Question 13

What does the aortic valve do?

Answer 13

opens to allow blood to leave heart into the body

Question 14

What does the pulmonary valve do?

Answer 14

opens to allow blood to leave heart into the lungs

Question 15

What are characteristics of the semilunar valves?

Answer 15

3 cusps and no chordae tendinae

Question 16

What is the path of blood flow?

Answer 16

Right atrium - tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve- pulmonary trunk-pulmonary arteries- into lungs- pulmonary veins-left atrium- bicuspid valve-left ventricle- aortic valve- aorta- body

Question 17

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

Answer 17

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 18

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 18

Strong, elastic
High pressure
carries blood away from heart

Question 19

When arteries become smaller and divide, what forms?

Answer 19

arterioles

Question 20

What are the 3 layers of an artery wall? What are the made of?

Answer 20

Tunica interna(Endothelium)
Tunica Media(Smooth muscle)
Tunica Externa(Connective)

Question 21

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 21

Smallest vessels

Substances exchanged with tissue cells

Question 22

What areas have more capillaries?

Answer 22

areas with great metabolic activity

Question 23

What are the characteristics of veins and venules?

Answer 23

venules leading from capillaries merge to form veins
Same 3 layers as arteries
Have flap like valves that prevent backflow
thinner and less muscular

Question 24

What does diastole mean?

Answer 24

relaxed

Question 25

What does systole mean?

Answer 25

Contracted

Question 26

What causes the "lub dub" sound?

Answer 26

lub: AV valves closing dub: semilunar valves closing

Question 27

What causes heart murmurs?

Answer 27

back flow through valve heart

Question 28

What is the function of the SA node?

Answer 28

hearts pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract

Question 29

What is the function of the AV node?

Answer 29

causes ventricles to contract after stimulated by SA node

Question 30

How does the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems regulate the heart beats?

Answer 30

sympathetic- increases | parasympathetic- slows

Question 31

What is the electrocardiogram?

Answer 31

a recording of electrical changes that occur during ther cardiac cycle

Question 32

What happens during the P wave?

Answer 32

contraction of atria

Question 33

What happens during the QRS complex?

Answer 33

contraction of ventricles, hides relaxation of atria

Question 34

What happens during the T wave

Answer 34

ventricular relaxation

Question 35

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 35

change from the normal sequence of electrical impulses

Question 36

What is blood pressure?

Answer 36

The force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels

Question 37

When is arterial pressure the highest? The lowest?

Answer 37

highest- during ventricular contraction | lowest- ventricles relaxing

Question 38

What is the way to find normal blood pressure?

Answer 38

systolic/ diastolic

Question 39

What is the average systolic? (pressure in blood vessels when heart beats)

Answer 39

100-140

Question 40

What is the average diastolic? (pressure in blood vessels between resting beats)

Answer 40

60-90

Question 41

What is the normal heart rate?

Answer 41

60-100 BPM