Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
angioplasty
A
surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
2
Q
arteries
A
large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
3
Q
capillaries
A
microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
4
Q
congenital
A
pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
5
Q
metabolism
A
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
6
Q
veins
A
vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
7
Q
aneurysm/o
A
widening, widened blood vessel abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth (congenital)
8
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
9
Q
arter/o, arteri/o
A
artery
10
Q
ather/o
A
fatty plaque
11
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
12
Q
cardi/o, coron/o
A
heart
13
Q
phleb/o, ven/o
A
vein
14
Q
thromb/o
A
blood clot
15
Q
varic/o
A
dilated vein
16
Q
vas/o
A
vessel; vas deferens; duct
17
Q
vascul/o
A
vessel
18
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle (of heart or brain)
19
Q
-cardia
A
heart condition
20
Q
-gram
A
record, writing
21
Q
-graph
A
instrument for recording
22
Q
-graphy
A
process of recording
23
Q
-stenosis
A
narrowing, stricture
24
Q
brady-
A
slow
25
endo-
in, within
26
epi-
above, upon
27
peri-
around
28
angina pectoris
mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
29
arrhythmia, dysrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat;
30
Fibrillation
arrhythmia in which there is rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
31
arteriosclerosis
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
32
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually total blockage
33
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
34
embolus
mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
35
heart block
disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle
First Degree: atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
Second Degree: AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
Third Degree: AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)
36
Heart Failure (HF)
occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance.
37
hypertension (HTN)
consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart
38
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow
39
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
40
Murmur
abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valve or chambers of the heart
41
myocardial infarction (MI)
necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
42
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
43
Raynaud Disease
severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon
44
rheumatic heart disease
streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
45
Stroke
damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
46
thrombus
a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot
47
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the lower legs
48
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke
49
cardiac catheterization
insertion of a small tube (catheter) through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach), which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart
50
cardiac enzyme studies
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
51
doppler ultrasonography
ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke
52
echocardiography (ECHO)
ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
53
electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography
54
Holter monitor
monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities
55
stress test
electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
Nuclear: ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
56
troponin I
blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)
57
angioplasty
surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
58
cardioversion
Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter-shock to the chest using a device (defibrillator); also called defibrillation
59
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
60
defibrillator
device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm
61
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)
surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
62
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
portable computerized device that analyzed the patients heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
63
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
64
carotid endarterectomy
Removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke
65
endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)
Treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heart the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)
66
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
67
valvuloplasty
insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutanous valvuloplasty
68
anticoagulants
prevent clotting or coagulation of blood
69
beta blockers
slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure
70
nitrates
relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure (HF)
71
statins
reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol
72
thrombolytics
dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis
73
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
74
AED
automatic external defibrillator
75
AICD
automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
76
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
77
CABG
Coronary Artery bypass graft
78
CAD
Coronary artery disease
79
CV
cardiovascular
80
CVA
cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle
81
EVLT
endovenous laser therapy; endoluminal laser therapy
82
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
83
ICD
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
84
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
85
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
