Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Chief complaints

Answer 1

AICD problem
Chest pain (angina)
Cardiac arrest
Heart murmur
Heart problem
Hypotension/ hypertension 
Irregular heart beat
Pleurisy 
Pacemaker problem 
Palpitations 
Rapid/ slow heart rate
Syncope

Question 2

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA or triple A)

Answer 2

The large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs becomes abnormally large or balloons outward

Question 3

Aortic dissection

Answer 3

A potentially life- threatening condition where there is bleeding into and along the wall of the aorta, the major artery leaving the heart

Question 4

Aneurysm

Answer 4

An abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel

Question 5

Artherosclerosis

Answer 5

The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls

Question 6

Atrial fibrillation (a-fib)

Answer 6

The atria contract very quickly and not in a regular pattern, making the ventricles beat abnormally, leading to an irregular (and usually fast) pulse

Question 7

BBB (Bundle Branch Block)

Answer 7

Refers to a defect of the hearts electrical conduction system

RBBB- right BBB
LBBB- left BBB

Question 8

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

A weakening of the heart muscle, often associated with inadequate heart pumping

Question 9

EF - ejection fracture

Answer 9

The fraction of blood pumped out of ventricles with each heart beat

Question 10

Endocarditis

Answer 10

Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium

Question 11

Myocarditis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the heart muscle, usually caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections that reach the heart

Question 12

Pericarditis

Answer 12

An inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart)

Question 13

PND - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 13

Sudden, sever shortness of breath at night that awakens a person from sleep

Question 14

PVD

Answer 14

A condition of the blood vessels that leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet

Question 15

Stenosis

Answer 15

The narrowing or constriction of an opening, such as a blood vessel or heart valve

Question 16

Supra ventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

Answer 16

Any tachycardiac rhythm originating above the ventricular tissue

Question 17

Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)

Answer 17

Uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly, severely abnormal heart rhythm that is life threatening

Question 18

Ventricular tachycardia (V Tach)

Answer 18

A rapid heartbeat that starts in the ventricles

Question 19

ACLS

Answer 19

Advanced cardiac life support

Question 20

Angina

Answer 20

Chest pain that occurs when diseased blood vessels restrict blood flow to the heart

Question 21

Asystole

Answer 21

State of no cardiac electrical activity

Question 22

BP

Answer 22

Blood pressure

Question 23

Cardiomegaly

Answer 23

Enlarged heart

Question 24

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 24

Inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the body’s needs

Question 25

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 25

A narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart

Question 26

CP

Answer 26

Chest pain

Question 27

Diastolic pressure

Answer 27

Measurement of blood pressure when the heart is at rest, bottom number of BP

Question 28

Edema

Answer 28

Swelling caused by fluid in the body’s tissues

Question 29

Embolism

Answer 29

The event of lodging of an embolus into a narrow capillary vessel f an arterial bed which causes a blockage

Question 30

Hypertension

Answer 30

High BP

Question 31

Hypotension

Answer 31

Low BP

Question 32

ICD - implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Answer 32

When an ICD detects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation it shocks the heart to restore normal rhythm

Question 33

MI - myocardial infarction

Answer 33

Heart attack

Question 34

NSTEMI

Answer 34

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Question 35

Orthopnea

Answer 35

Shortness of breath which occurs when lying flat, which is a sign of heart failure

Question 36

Palpitations

Answer 36

“Fast heart beat”; “irregular heart beat”

Question 37

PE - pulmonary embolism

Answer 37

A blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body

Question 38

Pleurisy

Answer 38

Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest that leads to chest pain when taking a breath

Question 39

Pulse oximetry

Answer 39

Measure of percent of oxygen in person’s blood

Question 40

STEMI

Answer 40

ST elevation myocardial infarction

Question 41

Systolic Pressure

Answer 41

Blood pressure when heart is contracting, first reading

Question 42

Blood clot risk factors

Answer 42

``` Smoking Recent surgery/ hospitalization Previous history of blood clots BCP of hormonal replacement therapy Recent long travel Family history of blood clots ```

Question 43

Heart disease risk factors

Answer 43

``` Hypertension Diabetes Obesity High cholesterol Smoking Older age Family history of early heart disease ```

Question 44

Abnormal heart sounds

Answer 44

Gallop, rub, murmur, S3 S4 (extra heart sounds from gallop rhythms)

Question 45

Arrhythmia

Answer 45

An abnormal heart rhythm

Question 46

Bradycardia

Answer 46

Slow heart rate

Question 47

Tachycardia

Answer 47

Fast heart rate

Question 48

Carotid bruit

Answer 48

A sound made in the blood vessels resulting from turbulence, perhaps because of a build up of plaque or damage to the vessels

Question 49

JVD - jugular vein distention

Answer 49

The bulging distention of the jugular vein

Question 50

Reproducible symptoms

Answer 50

Chest pain that is reproducible by palpitating the chest

Question 51

S1S2

Answer 51

Normal heart sounds, associated with heart valves closing, causing changes in blood flow

Question 52

Pulses

Answer 52

Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat Measured on a scale of 1+ to 4+ (2+ is normal)

Question 53

Brachial artery

Answer 53

On the inside of the elbow

Question 54

Carotid artery

Answer 54

Neck

Question 55

Dorsalis Pedis (DP) artery

Answer 55

On top of the foot

Question 56

Posterior tibial (PT) artery

Answer 56

Near the ankle joint

Question 57

Radial artery

Answer 57

At the wrist