Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(27 cards)
4 main parts of the cv system
- heart
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
what is the purpose of the cv system
permits blood to circulate and transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to and from the cells of the body
Two systems ensure constant and continuous circulation
1) Pulmonary Circulation
- heart to lungs to be oxygenated
2) Systemic Circulation
- oxygenated blood from heart to
body and back to heart
functions of the cv system
- Carries food, oxygen and other substances to the cells
- Removes waste products from the cells
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Produces and carries cells that defend the body from infection
where is the heart located
names of 4 chambers
Located in the thoracic cavity, slightly to the left
Has 4 chambers (rooms) Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle
Pericardium
Membrane surrounding
the heart
what is normal heart beat
what nerve regulates heart beat
60-100 beats per minute
The vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
what is blood composed of
Plasma = the fluid/watery part of blood
About 90% water
Three types of blood cells
Red (RBC)
White (WBC)
Platelets (clotting)
Red Blood cells
AKA: Erythrocytes
Red colour comes from oxygenated hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein that picks up O2 & carries it to the cells
Produced in bone marrow
Fun fact: We have about 20-30 trillion RBCs in our body
2 million die and are made per second
White blood cells
AKA: Leukocytes.
Are colour-less
Help protect from infection by fighting bacteria, viruses and foreign substances
WBC count increased with infection
Produced by bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus
Pus is accumulation of dead WBCs and bacteria
Platelets
AKA: Thrombocytes.
Purpose?
Required for blood clotting
Stick together to begin the process of clotting and coagulation
Produced in bone marrow
what do arteries do
Aorta
Carry blood away from the heart
Aorta is the largest artery, receives blood directly from the left ventricle
Aorta branches into other arteries that carry blood to all parts of the body
Veins
Return blood to the heart
Venous blood is dark red, carries little O2 and lots of CO2
Contain valves to prevent backflow
Two main veins are the inferior and
Superior vena cava
Empty into the right atrium
Capillaries
Tiny one cell thick blood vessels so substances can pass to and from body tissues/ cells into bloodstream
What substances would need to pass to and from the blood to the body tissues?
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients like glucose, sodium, waste products like urea
Heart Septum
The wall of the heart separating the left and right sides
what prevents back flow of blood in the heart
Valves between atria and ventricles
Parts of heart in order of blood flow
- Superior Vena Cava or Inferior Vena Cava
- Right Atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Right Ventricle
- Pulmonary Artery (goes to lungs to pick up o2)
- Pulmonary Veins (bring o2 blood back)
- Left Atrium
- Mitral Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aorta
Lymph Vascular System
what is lymph, made by what
where is extra fluid absorbed
functions of lymph
what are lymph nodes
Lymphatic system
Lymph is a colourless liquid produced as a by-product of the blood system (by product of plasma)
Extra fluid is absorbed by lymph vessels and returned to the blood stream via the superior vena cava
Passes nourishment to the capillaries and cells
- Lymph filters the blood,Contains WBC (lymphocytes)
- Lymph nodes are throughout the body, small filters.
Aorta blood flow
Arches off the heart from the left ventricle
Supplies the entire body with arterial/oxygenated blood
Gives rise to the subclavian arteries which supply the upper extremities
Descends through the chest and abdomen to supply the torso and lower body
Divides into the common iliac arteries to supply both legs
Cardiovascular Disease
Heart Attack signs and symptoms
*Heart attack vs Cardiac arrest
Shortness of breath Pain in the chest or arms Dizziness Sweating Heaviness/pressure/pain in chest
Heart attack is when blood flow to the heart is blocked
Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating
Cardiovascular Disease
Stroke
2 types
mini stroke
Poor blood flow to the brain results in death of brain cells due to no oxygen
2 main types of stroke:
Ischemic
- Blockage (~ 90% of strokes)
Hemorrhagic
Bleeding in the brain – aneurysm
“Mini-stroke” = TIA (Transient ischemic attack)
Signs of Stroke FAST
F – Face Is it drooping ? A – Arms Can you raise both? S – Speech Is it slurred or jumbled? T – Time Time to call 911
Cardiovascular Disease
Anemia
Decreased RBCs or hemoglobin
Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia
Common in young women
