Cardiovascular system Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Test to determine % of each kind of wbc
A
Differential wbc count
2
Q
Sagging, swollen superficial veins distorted by gravity and failure Of valves
A
Varicose veins
3
Q
when artia relax, ventricles contract, av valves close, and semilunar valves open is what part of the heartbeat
A
ventricular systole
4
Q
what is the term for the cardiac pacemaker of the heart that initiates electrical impulse and spreads to the cardiac cells of the atria and to the other half of the pacemaker about 100 msec slower than to that of the atria
A
the Sinoatrial node or the SA node
5
Q
Disease/ disorder with a bulge in a weakened wall of blood vessel (usually an artery)
A
Aneurysm
6
Q
Type of shock due to pathogens releasing toxins into blood stream and dilates blood vessels
A
Septic shock
7
Q
plasma proteins that transports hemoglobin, copper, lipids, vitamins, hormones, and iron, which also aid blood clotting, destruction of toxins, and antibodies
A
globulins
8
Q
Abnormal patterns of cardiac electrical activity is called
A
Cardiac arrhythmia
9
Q
what is the function of an av valve
A
prevents backflow into atriums of heart
10
Q
the measurement of an artery expanding and then recoiling
A
pulse
11
Q
list some specific functions of transportation in the blood
A
- carries o2 and co2 between lungs and tissues of body
- carries nutrients from digestive system and storage areas to rest of body
- carries wastes to the liver and kidneys for detoxification
- carries hormones from endocrine glands to target tissues
12
Q
List some functions of blood related to homeostasis
A
- regulates temp by moving heat from skeletal muscles to superficial blood vessels
- transfers water and electrolytes to and from tissue to stabilize balance
- stabilizes ph with buffers
13
Q
what are the two names for the serous membranes that attach to the myocardium
A
the visceral pericardium and the epicardium
14
Q
what is the name for the part of the heart wall that lines the inner surface of heart chambers and valves?
A
endocardium
15
Q
Technique to reduce coronary plaque by inserting a catheter and inflating a balloon
A
Balloon angioplasty
16
Q
wbc type that is the most and least common
A
most: neutrophils
least: basophils
17
Q
type of blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from capillary beds towards larger vessels
A
venules
18
Q
chemical reaction chain in blood clotting process
A
prostaglandins»_space;> prothrombin+calcium»> thrombin»> fibrinogen»> fibrin
19
Q
Process of producing formed elements is called..
A
Hemopoiesis
20
Q
talk me through the blood clotting process
A
- platelets in circulation break over injury cite, and cause a prostaglandin (platelet factors) reaction which triggers the start of blood clotting.
- platelets attach at injury site to act as a temporary plug and prostaglandins constrict blood vessel
- initiate reaction between plasma protein called prothrombin, calcium (+other substances) to form thrombin
- thrombin reacts with fibrinogen (in plasma) to create fibrin (jelly substance) to make a web over platelets and traps rbc to make a more permanent plug
- prostaglandins after clot is formed will stimulate blood clot shrinkage and vessel cell growth or healing
21
Q
Test in which radioactive dye is injected via catheter into coronary arteries and using a x ray to see abnormalities
A
Coronary angiogram
22
Q
Cancer of red bone marrow to have an abnormal wbc production
A
Leukemia
23
Q
what is the fetal bypass that shunt blood from right atrium directly into the left atrium to skip a visit to the lungs called?
A
foramen ovale
24
Q
what is the term for the movement of blood from left ventricle to right atria
A
systemic circuit
25
Antibodies in plasma of blood that attack opposite rh agglutinogens.
Ex. With A agglutinogens, you have B of this
Agglutinins
26
Ph of blood and how many liters of blood in most normal adults
Ph- 7.35-7.45
| 5-6 liters
27
When antibodies of blood type clump together by holding on to antigens of rbcs
Agglutination
28
what is the period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next called (takes about .8 seconds)
cardiac cycle
29
what is the term for the ventricular aspect of the cardiac pacemaker, in which the impulse will reach the papillary muscles to close av valves, and then to the hearts apex to contract the ventricles from the bottom up into the pulmonary artery and aorta artery
the Atrioventricular node or the AV node
30
Degenerative changes in coronary circulation
Coronary artery disease CAD
31
where are wbc made, and what wbc makes it in a different area?
made in bone marrow, and if a lymphocyte then it is made in lymph tissues
32
in an ekg, what part is the ventricular depolarization/impulse that leads to ventricular systole
qrs complex
33
Disease/disorder with a thickening and toughening of arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
34
Analysis of blood yielding to measure rbc, wbc, and platelet counts, also measures hemoglobin and hematocrit and different types of wbc
CBC or complete blood count
35
what is the muscular wall of the heart that forms atria and ventricles that is embedded with blood vessels, nerves and connective tissues
myocardium
36
in an ekg what part is the deflection caused by atrial depolarization/impulse which leads to atrial systole
p wave
37
Disease/disorder that is a type of thickening of arterial walls with changes in vessel lining and plaque formation
Atherosclerosis
38
Failure to deliver sufficient oxygen to body tissues which lead to cell impairment or death
Circulatory shock
39
Slower than normal heart rate is called
Bradycardia
40
Group of diseases with progressive and irreversible deterioration of myocardium
Cardiomyopathies
41
part of blood that is made in red bone marrow, has a 10 day life expectancy, lacks nucleus and organelles. (considered a cell fragment)
platelets or thrombocytes
42
wbc type that releases histamine in damaged tissues to promote inflammation and heparin to prevent clotting and thin blood. these cells work in parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
basophils
43
when atria and ventricles relax av valves and semilunar valves are closed and atria begin filling with blood, then av valves open and semilunar remain closed
ventricular diastole
44
term for relaxation of heart muscles
diastole
45
Faster than normal heartbeat is called
Tachycardia
46
function of platelets
blood clotting and to cease clotting in mended vessels
47
what is the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat called?
stroke volume
48
Conduction affecting normal heart rhythm due to impaired communication between SA, AV nodes and the ventricular myocardium, caused by mechanical distortion, ischemia, infection or inflammation
Heart block
49
wbc type that is phagocytic, has cell killing enzymes (cytotoxic), promotes inflammation during allergic reactions, and releases cytotoxic enzymes when infected with parasitic worms
eosinophils
50
what is blood plasma without clotting agents called
serum
51
Reaction of mothers Rh antibodies against fetus’ rh and rbc causing agglutination
Erythroblastosis fetalis
52
Drifting blood clot becoming lodged in vessel and blocks circulation
Embolism
53
what is the fetal extension of the umbilical vein called that will take blood past the liver and into the inferior vena cava called
ductus venosus
54
what valves prevent blood from reentering the heart once the ventricles have pumped it away?
the semilunar valves
55
Function of blood relating to fighting off pathogens
WBC and antibodies in blood locate and destroy pathogens
56
what in an ekg is the time for a single ventricular depolarization/impulse- or the repolarization cycle
q-t interval
57
type of blood vessel that is large and carries deoxygenated blood toward the heart, and has a large lumen to reduce resistance and valves
veins
58
what in an ekg is the time between the beginning of atrial depolarization and beginning of ventricular depolarization
p-q interval
59
wbc type that is a large free phagocytic cell or a macrophage
monocytes
60
Condition in which oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced due to low hemoglobin
Anemia
61
type of blood vessel that allow for diffusion of intra and extracellular fluids
capillaries
62
plasma protein that includes enzymes and hormones
regulatory proteins
63
Heart valves become thickened and stiffen to close partially
Rheumatic heart disease RHD
64
Molecules on surface of cell membranes that immune system can detect
Antigens
65
wbc types that are granulocytic
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
66
Blood clot
Thrombus
67
What are the 4 to 5 things included in the plasma of the blood
```
Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogens
Regulatory proteins
Serum
```
68
What includes formed elements
Rbc, wbc, and platelets
69
term for contraction of heart muscles
systole
70
Volume % of rbc in whole blood
Hematocrit
71
Type of shock in which there is a dilation of blood vessels due to involuntary nerve stimulation of vessels
Neurological shock
72
Disease/disorder in which exertion or stress can produce chest pain from temporary ischemia of a stressed heart
Angina pectoris
73
what are the things that keep the av valves closed correctly?
the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae
74
Type of shock that is a Result of any type of heart failure like heart attacks or infections
Cardiogenic shock
75
Pericardial inflammation in which fluid collects in pericardial sac and restricts cardiac output
Cardiac tamponade
76
wbc type that is phagocytic, has cell killing enzymes (cytotoxic), and are first to injury cite to release chemicals signaling other wbc
neutrophils
77
Technical term for when rbc wear out
Hemolize
78
When mistrial valve do not close properly cause by papillary muscle malfunction and tendons being too long or short, causes bad low of blood called murmur
Mistrial valve prolapse MVP
79
Heart attacks with prolonged lack of blood flow go heart muscle
Myocardial infarction
80
functions of the blood
* Transportation
* Homeostasis
* Restrict fluid loss
* Fights pathogens
81
What’s the device called used to stop the heart to restore normal cardiac rhythm.
Defibrillator
82
three types of globulins
alpha, beta, gamma
83
what are the three blood vessels of the umbillical cord
two small umbilical arteries and one large umbilical vein
84
Types of shock
```
Cardiogenic shock
Hypovolemic/ hemorrhage shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Septic shock
```
85
what is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute called?
cardiac output
86
this cavity is filled with fluid to reduce friction and protect the heart as well as organs surrounding
pericardial cavity
87
Rapid and uncontrolled and uncoordinated spasms of heart wall
Fibrillation
88
type of blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from heart and has a thick wall
artery
89
what is the term for the movement of blood from the aorta artery, through the coronary arteries and veins of the heart, and back to the inferior vena cava vein
coronary circuit
90
plasma protein that functions in blood clotting at injury cite
fibrinogen
91
Function of rbc
Carry o2 and co2 to and from lungs and tissues
92
wbc type that provides specific defense against pathogens or toxins
lymphocytes
93
Ultrasound of heart and analysis of blood flow through major vessels
Echocardiography
94
Function of blood and relating to restricting fluid blood loss
Contains platelets and enzymes and other clotting factors
95
differences between wbc and rbc
```
rbc
-biconcave
-have no important organelles
-hemoglobin proteins
-can live for 120 days
wbc
-defend body from pathogens and removes wastes, tumor cells, abnormal, dead or damaged cells.
-complete cells
-can be stored, in circulation, and in tissues
-5 total wbc types
-can live for a few hours or few days
```
96
Abnormal hemoglobin production to Malformed rbc that allows them to become more fragile and can become backed up and stuck in blood vessels
Sickle cell anemia
97
plasma protein that is responsible for blood viscosity and osmotic pressure (or resistance to flow and fluid balance/blood pressure) and transports fatty acids, free bilirubin and thyroid hormone
albumins
98
what does an electrocardiogram do
records the electrical activities of heart
99
instrument used to amplify sounds and instrument used to measure blood pressure
stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
100
Infects B cells by Epstein Barr virus, and altered lymphocytes are attack are attacked by wbc causing a fever, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes
Mononucleosis
101
type of blood vessel that carry blood away from heart and toward tissue capillaries
arterioles
102
Type of shock that is due to loss of blood volume in blood vessels
Hypovolemic/hemorrhagic shock
103
Where hemopoiesis occurs
Myeloid tissue and lymphoid tissue
104
in what order does the impulse from the SA node travel to through the AV node? or the heart conduction pathway
SA node>>>AV node>>>AV bundle>>>Bundle of his>>>purkinje fibers
105
when atria contract, av valves open, and semilunar valves close is what part of heartbeat
atrial systole
106
Abnormally high or low blood pressure, low leads to poor circulation to vital organs
Hypertension and hypotension
107
in an ekg what is the deflection caused by ventricular repolarization (returning to resting potential of nervous tissue in ventricles)
t wave
108
Technical term for when rbc are eaten and wasted are eliminated through urine or in elements like iron, recycled in liver or spleen.
Phagocytize
109
Inherited disorder by inadequate production of clotting factors
Hemophilia
110
Low tissue oxygen levels
Hypoxia
111
what are the three bypasses that the fetal heart has that is not present after birth
the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and the ductus arteriosus
112
Antigens of rbc that determine blood type
Agglutinogens
113
what is the fetal bypass that diverts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta to skip the visit to the lungs called?
ductus arteriosus
114
Condition that develops when left ventricle can no longer keep up with the right ventricles pace and blood backs up in pulmonary circuit, and can have edema
Congestive heart failure
115
what is blood pressure and whats the normal rate
the amount of pressure that blood is exerting on blood vessels
normal rate is 120/80
116
wbc type that are agranulocytes
monocytes, and lymphocytes
117
which av valve is bicuspid/mitral and which is the tricuspid
the left av valve is the bicuspid/ mitrial and the right av valve is the tricuspid
118
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
119
Replacement of blocked coronary artery by a transplanted vessel
Coronary artery bypass
120
Abnormal area in blood vessel where large quantities of lipids accumulate
Plaque
121
Type of shock with an acute allergic reaction resulting in vessel dilation
Anaphylactic shock
122
what is the term for the movement of blood from the right atria, through the lungs, and back to the left ventricle
pulmonary circuit
123
hormone released by kidneys when o2 levels are low, which stimulates bone marrow to produce more rbc to transport o2
erythropoietin
124
what are the 5 wbc types
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
125
what are the cells that start hemopoiesis
hemocytoblasts
126
Metal mesh tube inserted into vessel to hold open
Stent
