Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Describe how the cardiovascular system contributes to cell survival

Answer 1

the body needs a transport system to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all body cells. the blood is the transport vehicle and the force required to move the blood around the body is provided by the heart

Question 2

What is the function of the heart? (cardi-)

Answer 2

it is a muscular pump that provides the force to move blood around the body

Question 3

What is the function of the blood vessels? (vasc-)

Answer 3

it is a hollow network of tubes or vessels to bring blood past cells.

Question 4

What does the cardiovascular system transport?

Answer 4

it transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste produced by cells and hormones

Question 5

Describe the heart characteristics

Answer 5

> located in the thoracic cavity
it is two thirds to the left and one third from the right of the midline
medial to the lungs
pointed apex pointing towards the left hip
broad base pointing towards the right shoulder

Question 6

What are the four chambers located in the heart?

Answer 6

1. right atrium
2. left atrium
3. right ventricle
4. left ventricle

Question 7

What are the two top chambers of the heart?

Answer 7

right atrium and left atrium

Question 8

What are the two lower chambers of the heart?

Answer 8

right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 9

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 9

it receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body

Question 10

What does the left atrium do?

Answer 10

it receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs

Question 11

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 11

it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 12

What does the left ventricle do?

Answer 12

it pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body

Question 13

Name four valves located in the heart

Answer 13

1. tricuspid valve
2. bicuspid valve
3. cord tendineae
4. semilunar valve

Question 14

Name four main blood vessels of the heart

Answer 14

1. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
2. pulmonary arteries
3. pulmonary veins
4. aorta

Question 15

Describe the tricuspid valve

Answer 15

it is the right AV valve and it has 3 cusps of flaps

Question 16

Describe the bicuspid valve

Answer 16

> it is the left AV valve
it has two cusps or flaps
another common name for this is mitral valve

Question 17

Describe the chordae tendineae

Answer 17

> it is tiny white cords

> it anchors the cusps of the AV valves to the walls of the ventricle for support

Question 18

Describe the semilunar valves

Answer 18

> it is located at the base of the two largest arteries

> they stop blood flowing backwards into the ventricles when the ventricles relax

Question 19

What does the superior and inferior vena cava do?

Answer 19

it returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

Question 20

What does the pulmonary arteries do?

Answer 20

it carries the oxygenated blood from the right ventricle towards the lungs

Question 21

What does the pulmonary veins do?

Answer 21

it carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle towards the body

Question 22

What does the aorta do?

Answer 22

it carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle towards the body.

Question 23

Describe the pathway of blood flow through the heart

Answer 23

as the heart beats ( or contracts ), the blood makes a continuous one-way trip into the heart, to the lungs and back to the heart, around the body then back to the heart to repeat the journey

Question 24

What is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 24

> it is when deoxygenated blood goes from the heart to lungs
in the lungs it loses carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
it then becomes oxygenated then returns to the heart

Question 25

What is the systemic circuit?

Answer 25

> it is when oxygenated blood goes from the heart to the body > it then delivers oxygen to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide waste produced by the cells > it then becomes deoxygenated then returns to the heart

Question 26

What causes the heart sounds?

Answer 26

> it happens when the heart valve open and closes passively because of the pressure difference on either side of the valve. > closure of the valves causes the characteristics sound of the heartbeat

Question 27

What do arteries do?

Answer 27

> they carry blood away from the heart > the large arteries branch into smaller and smaller arteries > they are then called arterioles when they become extremely small

Question 28

Explain arteries, veins and capillaries

Answer 28

when arteries become small they then feed into the capillaries which forms the capillary beds. capillary beds are then drained by veins the converge into successively larger veins and carry blood towards the heart

Question 29

What is gas exchange

Answer 29

it is when the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the blood

Question 30

What are the two sites for gas exchange in the body?

Answer 30

lungs and body tissue

Question 31

What is blood pressure?

Answer 31

it is the strength of this pushing force against the walls of the vessels. it is the force that keeps blood circulating continuously, even between heartbeats.

Question 32

What does hypertension mean?

Answer 32

high blood pressure which means the blood vessels are moving wth extra force

Question 33

What can happen if you have a high blood pressure ?

Answer 33

overtime it can lead to damage arteries, increase the risk of heart attack and damage organs

Question 34

What is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 34

it indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls when your heart beats (contracts)

Question 35

What is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 35

it indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart is resting and refilling between beats

Question 36

What do lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 36

they return fluid leaked from the blood back to the cardiovascular system

Question 37

What plays an essential role in the bodies defence and resistance to diseases?

Answer 37

lymphoid tissues and organs

Question 38

Explain Lymph

Answer 38

lymph flows towards the heart aided by the action of skeletal muscle, pressure changes durn breathing and the rhythmical contraction of smooth muscle in the lymphatic vessel wall