Cardiovascular System: Anatomy of a heart

Question 1

is a double-layered, closed sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

fibrous connective tissue outer layer consisting pericardium

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium

Question 3

thin, transparent, inner layer of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 3

serous pericardium

Question 4

part of the serous pericardium lining the fibrous pericardium

Answer 4

parietal pericardium

Question 5

part covering the heart surface

Answer 5

visceral pericardium

Question 6

helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardial sac.

Answer 6

pericardial fluid

Question 7

space between the visceral and paricarperAt cardia, is filled with a thin layer of serous pericardial fluid,

Answer 7

pericardial cavity

Question 8

heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue:

Answer 8

the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 9

is a thin serous membrane that constitutes the smooth, outer surface of the heart.

Answer 9

epicardium or visceral pericardium

Question 10

thick, middle layer of the heart

Answer 10

myocardium

Question 11

is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart’s ability to contract.

Answer 11

myocardium

Question 12

The smooth, inner surface of the heart chambers

Answer 12

endocardium

Question 13

consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue.

Answer 13

endocardium

Question 14

interior of both auricles and a part of the right atrial wall contain muscular ridges

Answer 14

pectinate muscle

Question 15

The pectinate muscles of the right atrium are separated from the larger, smooth portions of the atrial wall by a ridge

Answer 15

crista terminalis

Question 16

The interior walls of the ventricles contain larger, muscular ridges and columns

Answer 16

trabeculae carneae

Question 17

heart consists of four chambers:

Answer 17

two atria, two venticles

Question 18

are extensions of the atria that can be seen anteriorly between each atrium and ventricle.

Answer 18

flaplike auricles

Question 19

large veins carry blood to the heart

Answer 19

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 20

carry blood from the body to the right atrium,

Answer 20

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 21

carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Answer 21

pulmonary veins

Question 22

The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body, and the pulmonary trunk carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

runs obliquely around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles.

Answer 23

coronary sulcus

Question 24

is on the anterior surface of the heart,

Answer 24

anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 25

is on the posterior surface of the heart.

Answer 25

posterior interventricular

Question 26

In a healthy, intact heart, the sulci are covered by adipose tissue, and only after this tissue is removed can they be seen.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

exit the aorta just above the point where the aorta leaves the heart and lie within the coronary sulcus

Answer 27

right and left coronary arteries

Question 28

The right coronary artery is usually smaller in diameter than the left one, and it does not carry as much blood as the left coronary artery.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

major branch of the left coronary artery

Answer 29

anterior interventricular artery or left anterior descending artery,

Question 30

extends inferiorly in the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies blood to most of the anterior part of the heart.

Answer 30

anterior interventricular artery, or left anterior descending artery

Question 31

branches from the left coronary artery to supply blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle.

Answer 31

left marginal artery

Question 32

branches from the left coronary artery and extends around to the posterior side of the heart in the coronary sulcus.

Answer 32

circumflex artery

Question 33

larger branch of the right coronary artery

Answer 33

right marginal artery,

Question 34

A branch of the right coronary artery, that lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus and supplies blood to the posterior and inferior part of the heart.

Answer 34

posterior interventricular artery

Question 35

anastamoses

Answer 35

direct connections, either between branches of a given artery or between branches of different arteries

Question 36

The major vein draining the tissue on the left side of the heart

Answer 36

great cardiac vein

Question 37

drains the right margin of the heart

Answer 37

small cardiac vein

Question 38

great cardiac vein, and a small cardiac vein converge toward the posterior part of the coronary sulcus and empty into a large venous cavity called

Answer 38

coronary sinus

Question 39

has three major openings: The openings from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava receive blood from the body, and the opening of the coronary sinus receives blood from the heart itself

Answer 39

right atrium

Question 40

has four relatively uniform openings that receive blood from the four pulmonary veins from the lungs.

Answer 40

left atrium

Question 41

The two atria are separated from each other by the____

Answer 41

interatrial septum

Question 42

a slight, oval depression on the right side of the septum marking the former location of the foramen ovale

Answer 42

fossa ovalis

Question 43

The atria open into the ventricles through________

Answer 43

atrioventricular canals

Question 44

opens into the pulmonary trunk

Answer 44

right ventricle

Question 45

opens into the aorta.

Answer 45

left ventricle

Question 46

two ventricles are separated from each other by________

Answer 46

interventricular septum

Question 47

which has a thick, muscular part toward the apex and a thin, membranous part toward the atria.

Answer 47

interventricular septum

Question 48

is in each atrioventricular canal and is composed of cusps, or flaps.

Answer 48

atrioventricular valve

Question 49

allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but prevent blood from flowing back into the atria.

Answer 49

artioventicular valve

Question 50

The atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle has three cusps and is therefore called the_______

Answer 50

tricuspid valve

Question 51

The atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle has two cusps and is therefore called the________

Answer 51

bicuspid valve

Question 52

contains cone-shaped, muscular pillars

Answer 52

papillary muscle

Question 53

papillary muscles are attached by thin, strong connective tissue strings called______

Answer 53

chordae tendineae

Question 54

located Within the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 54

aortic semilunar and pulmonary semilunar valves