Cardiovascular System: Chapter 18

Question 1

What carries blood away from the heart; Oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

What contacts tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs?

Answer 2

Capillaries

Question 3

What carries blood toward heart

Answer 3

Veins

Question 4

What are the central blood containing spaces in the blood vessel walls?

Answer 4

Lumen

Question 5

What are the three wall layers in arteries and veins?

Answer 5

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa

Question 6

What is the layer that is endothelium that lines the lumen of all vessels; continuous with endocardium and has a slick surface which reduces friction?

Answer 6

Tunica Intima

Question 7

What is the layer that has smooth muscle and sheets of elastin; controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation; INFLUENCE BLOOD FLOW AND BP

Answer 7

Tunica Media

Question 8

What is the layer that protects and reinforce; anchors to surrounding structures; nourishes external layer

Answer 8

Tunica Externa

Question 9

Blood vessels vary in Length, Diameter, wall thickness, and tissue make-up. T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What type of artery is large, thick-walled; Elastin is all 3 tunics, large lumen and offers low resistance; NOT active in vasoconstriction; Expands and recoil as blood ejected from heart

Answer 10

Elastic Arteries

Question 11

Where are elastic arteries found?

Answer 11

Aorta and major branches

Question 12

What type of artery is distal to the elastic arteries; Deliver blood to body organs, think tunica media with more smooth muscle; IS active in vasoconstriction

Answer 12

Muscular Arteries

Question 13

What are the smallest arteries; leads to capillary beds; control flow into capillary beds via Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

Answer 13

Arterioles

Question 14

Which artery is larger in diameter?

Answer 14

Elastic Artery

Question 15

What are considered to be microscopic vessels; found in the walls of thin tunica intima; diameter allows only a single RBC to pass through

Answer 15

Capillaries

Question 16

Provide direct access for almost every cell; Exchange of gases,nutrients,wastes,hormones, etc between blood and interstitial fluid; Found in all tissues except cartilage, epithelial, cornea, and lens of the eye

Answer 16

Capillaries

Question 17

What are the three types of capillaries?

Answer 17

Continuous Capillaries, Fenestrated Capillaries, Sinusoid Capillaries

Question 18

What is the LEAST permeable and most common capillary; abundant in skin and muscle?

Answer 18

Continuous Capillaries

Question 19

What capillary is more permeable than continuous, its function is absorption or filtrate formation; (Ex:Small Intestines, Endocrine glands,Kidneys) “Baby-Swiss Cheese”

Answer 19

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 20

What capillary is super leaky, “MOST permeable”;Found in liver,bone marrow,spleen,adrenal medullar

Answer 20

Sinusoid Capillaries

Question 21

What are networks of capillaries interwoven between arterioles and venules?

Answer 21

Microcirculation

Question 22

What connects terminal arteriole and postcapillary venule?

Answer 22

Vascular Shunt

Question 23

10-100 exchange vessels per capillary bed; branch off metarteriole or terminal arteriole?

Answer 23

True Capillaries

Question 24

T/F: True capillaries normally branch from metarteriole and return to thoroughfare channel.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What regulates blood flow into the true capillaries?

Answer 25

Precapillary Sphincters

Question 26

T/F: Blood may go into true capillaries or to the vascular shunt; which are regulated by local chemical conditions and vasomotor nerves?

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

What is formed when capillary beds unite?

Answer 27

Venules

Question 28

What is formed when venules converge?

Answer 28

Veins

Question 29

Have thinner walls,LARGER lumens, blood pressure is lower than in arteries, thin tunica media and thick tunica externa

Answer 29

Veins

Question 30

What holds most of the bodies blood? Heart, capillaries, pulmonary blood vessels, or veins?

Answer 30

Systemic Veins and venules

Question 31

What are vascular anastamoses?

Answer 31

interconnection of blood vessels

Question 32

What type of anastamoses provides alternate pathways to given body region? Found at joints,abdominal organs, brain and heart

Answer 32

Arterial Anastamoses

Question 33

What is an example of an arteriovenous anastomoses?

Answer 33

Vascular shunts of capillaries

Question 34

What is the force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood?

Answer 34

Blood Pressure

Question 35

What are three important sources of resistance?

Answer 35

blood viscosity(thickness), total blood vessel length, blood vessel diameter