Cardiovascular System (FOM) Flashcards
What does the Circulatory system do?
Transports fluid though body
Distributes gases & other molecules
Cell signalling
Mediates inflammation & host defence response
Carries waste products from cells
What are the three main components of the CV system?
Arterial System
Heart
Venous System
What are the two main circulations of the CV system?
Pulmonary & Systemic
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
Eppicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Epicardium
Outer layer
Surrounded by pericardium
Myocardium
Middle layer
Muscle
Endocardium
Internal layer
Continuous with T.I./ endothelium of blood vessels connecting with heart
4 Chambers of the heart
Right Atrium & Ventricle
Deoxygenated
Left Atrium & Ventricle
Oxygenated
What are the Great Vessels entering/exiting the heart?
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Vein
Aorta
What do Cardiac valves do?
Ensure uni-directional blood flow
4 in the heart
Between A & V , V & vessel leaving
Conduction System of Heart Route
1 - Electrical imuplse starts spontaneously at Sa node causing both atria to contract
2- Travels to Abu node at AV septum
3- Travels down right & left bundles in IV septum
4- Spreads out to myocardium through conducting fibres, causes ventricles to contract
What are the layers of the blood vessels?
Tunica Initmia - Endothelium
Tunica Media - Smooth & Elastic Muscle
Tunica Adventitia - Connective Tissue
What is in the Neurovascular Bundle NVB
Artery, Vein, Nerve
How are arteries named?
Depending on anatomical location, usually deep compared to veins and supply that territory
Do arteries divide?
Yes, they are bifurcate or trifurcate,
Common or trunk indicates it will divide
What are the 4 parts of the aorta?
Ascending
Arch
Thoracic - Ascending
Abdominal - Descending
How does the aorta receive blood?
At high pressure during systole
Arterial enters the aorta first
Elastic walls expand & elastic recoil maintain the peripheral flow during diastole
What are the branches of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Supplies head & neck
Left Common Carotid Artery
Comes off arch of aorta
Left Subclavian Artery
Comes off arch of aorta
What can Arteriolar smooth muscle contraction do?
Reduce blood flow following an injury
What is anastomosis
Connection between arteries
Alternative pathway for blood flow to supply the tissues distal to an arterial occulsion
End Artery
The only aerial blood supply to a given area
Untreated occlusion can result in infarction of its territory
