Cardiovascular System: Heart

Question 1

Blunt, rounded point of the heart. Also a pulse point

Answer 1

Apex

Question 2

The larger, flat part at the opposite end of the heart

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

Two-thirds of the heart lies to the ____ of the midline of the sternum

Answer 3

left

Question 4

An emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if the person’s heart stops.

Answer 4

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Question 5

A type of blood circulation where the heart’s right side pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart.

Answer 5

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 6

A type of circulation where the heart’s left side pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart.

Answer 6

Systemic Circulation

Question 7

A sac which surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum.

Answer 7

Pericardium (or Pericardial Sac)

Question 8

An inflammation of the serous
pericardium.

Answer 8

Pericarditis

(“-itis” means an inflammation)

Question 9

Outer Pericardium

Answer 9

Fibrous Pericardium

Question 10

Inner Pericardium

Answer 10

Serous Pericardium

Question 11

Serous Pericardium that covers the heart’s surface.

Answer 11

Visceral Pericardium

Question 12

Serous Pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium.

Answer 12

Parietal Pericardium

Question 13

This fluid helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the
pericardial sac.

Answer 13

Pericardial Fluid

Question 14

Three layers of tissue that compose the Heart Wall

Answer 14

Epicardium (Outer)
Myocardium (Middle)
Endocardium (Inner)

Question 15

Deoxygenated Blood enters the right atrium via what large vein(s)?

Answer 15

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

(specific names due to anatomical position)

Question 16

Deoxygenated Blood drains to the right ventricle through _________ valve.

Answer 16

Tricuspid Valve

Question 17

Deoxygenated Blood is pushed by the right ventricle to this blood vessel, away from the heart, to the lungs to get oxygenated.

Answer 17

Pulmonary Trunk

Question 18

Oxygenated Blood returns to the heart, from the lungs, through this blood vessel.

Answer 18

Pulmonary Vein

Question 19

Oxygenated Blood drains to the left ventricle through _________ valve.

Answer 19

Bicuspid/ Mitral Valve

Question 20

Oxygenated Blood is pushed by the left ventricle to this blood vessel, away from the heart, to the systemic circulation.

Answer 20

Aorta

Question 21

This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.

Answer 21

Coronary Circulation

Question 22

The right and left atria are separated from each other by the
wall of tissue called ___________ septum,

Answer 22

Interatrial septum

Question 23

The two ventricles are separated from each other by the ___________ septum.

Answer 23

Interventricular septum

Question 24

Why is the wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

Answer 24

The thicker wall of the left ventricle allows for stronger
contractions to pump blood through the “systemic circulation”.

Question 25

A conducting system relays action potentials through the heart. This system consists of modified cardiac muscle cells that form two nodes. Which one is considered the "pacemaker"?

Answer 25

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

Question 26

When a part of the heart other than the SA node is the origin for action potentials, the result is called an _______ beat

Answer 26

Ectopic Beat (other Seeley's version may say Ectopic Focus)

Question 27

"It is a record" of the electrical activity of the heart. It, however, is not a direct measurement of mechanical events in the heart, and neither the force of contraction nor blood pressure can be determined from it,

Answer 27

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Question 28

Among PQRST, this wave is the depolarization of the atrial myocardium, signals the onset of atrial contraction.

Answer 28

P Wave

Question 29

Among PQRST, this complex results from ventricular depolarization and signals the onset of ventricular contraction.

Answer 29

QRS Complex

Question 30

Among PQRST, this wave results from ventricular depolarization and signals the onset of ventricular contraction.

Answer 30

T Wave

Question 31

A condition in which the heart rate is in excess of 100 beats per minute (bpm)

Answer 31

Tachycardia

Question 32

A condition in which the heart rate is less than 60 bpm.

Answer 32

Bradycardia

Question 33

That the term systole means to contract, and _______ means to dilate

Answer 33

Diastole

Question 34

When the terms systole and diastole are used alone, they refer to which chamber?

Answer 34

Ventricles

Question 35

The first heart sound is due to the closing of which valves?

Answer 35

Atrioventricular Valves

Question 36

The second heart sound is due to the closing of which valves?

Answer 36

Semilunar Valves

Question 37

It is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

Answer 37

Cardiac Output (CO)

Question 38

It is the total resistance against which blood must be pumped.

Answer 38

Peripheral Resistance (PR)

Question 39

It is slightly less than the average of the systolic and diastolic pressures in the aorta. It is proportional to cardiac output times peripheral resistance.

Answer 39

Mean Arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 40

It is the number of times the heart beats (contracts) per minute.

Answer 40

Heart Rate (HR)

Question 41

It is the volume of blood pumped during each heartbeat.

Answer 41

Stroke Volume (SV)

Question 42

Regulation of the Heart: __________ regulation results from the heart’s normal functional characteristics and does not depend on either neural or hormonal regulation.

Answer 42

Intrinsic Regulation

Question 43

Regulation of the Heart: __________ regulation involves neural and hormonal control. Neural regulation of the heart results from sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes, and the major hormonal regulation comes from epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Answer 43

Extrinsic Regulation

Question 44

The extent to which the ventricular walls are stretched is sometimes called the _______. It has a direct relationship with cardiac output and stroke volume. Ventricular Stretching

Answer 44

Preload

Question 45

_________ is the pressure the contracting left ventricle must produce to overcome the pressure in the aorta and move blood into the aorta. Ventricular Contraction

Answer 45

Afterload