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Anatomy Physiology Semester 2 > Cardiovascular system- heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system- heart Flashcards

1
Q

cardio-vascular means

A

heart-vessels

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2
Q
  1. Heart Coverings
    a. __ (“around the heart”)
    b. __- tough, dense connective
    c. __- deep to fibrous
    i. __- lines fibrous
    ii. __ (filled with fluid)
    iii. __-clings to heart
    d. *** if in closed cavities, it will be lined with serous with parietal/visceral(clings to organ).
A 
Pericardium
Fibrous
Serous
Parietal layer
Pericardial cavity
Visceral layer
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3
Q
  1. Heart Layers
    a. __- same as visceral serous pericardium
    b. __- cardiac muscle+ interwoven bundles of collagen & elastin.
    c. __- simple squamous, lines chambers and valves of heart. (Physically touches blood).
A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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4
Q
  1. Heart Chambers
    a. __- superior chambers (base end of heart), receive blood from circulation. (Right and left)
    b. __- anterior chambers (extend to apex of heart), “push blood back into circulation.
    c. *** a septum divides right/left sides of heart.
A

Atria

Ventricles

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5
Q
  1. Heart Valves
    a. ___: (AV valve) (cuspid valve): found between atrium/ventricle to prevent backflow.
    i. ___ is on right; ___ (mitral) on left.
    ii. Anchored by ___/___ (cone shaped)
    b. ___: found between ventricle and artery to prevent back flow.
    i. At entrance to aorta and pulmonary artery.
    ii. ***Heart beat noise: __+___
A 
Atrioventricular valve
Tricuspid
bicuspid
chordae tendinae/ papillary muscle
Semi lunar valves
cuspid closing+ semi lunar closing
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6
Q

Process of blood flow:

A

Vena Cava bring low O2 blood into right atrium→ right ventricle which pushes blood into semi lunar → pulmonary artery → lungs → veins lead to left atrium→ left ventricle → aortic semi lunar → Aorta.

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7
Q
  1. Vessel Terminology
    a. ___: always carries blood away from heart.
    i. ___: (ultimate vessels to regulate blood pressure) small arteries leading to capillaries from arteries.
    b. ___: always carries blood towards the heart.
    i. ___: small veins leading from capillaries to veins.
    c. ___: (simple squamous tissue) most microscopic vessels, site of gas exchange (diffusion).
    d. Artery→ arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins.
A 
Artery
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
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8
Q
  1. Circulation Routes
    a. ___: from right side of hear to lungs back to left side of heart. *Purpose: oxygenate blood.
    b. ___: from left side of heart to body tissues back to right side of heart. *Purpose: to deliver oxygen to tissue.
A
  • Pulmonary

- Systemic

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9
Q

a. Pulmonary Circulation flow chart

A

i. Right atrium→ tricuspid→ right ventricle→ pulmonary semi lunar→ pulmonary artery→ lungs (gas exchange)→ veins→ left atrium.

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10
Q

b. Systemic Circulation flow chart

A

i. Left atrium→ bicuspid→ left ventricle→ aortic semi lunar→ aorta→ arteries→ capillaries (low 02)→ venules→ veins→ vena cava→ right atrium.

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11
Q

c. Coronary Circulation flow chart

A

i. Left ventricle→ aortic semi-lunar→ aorta→ left/right coronary artery→ myocardium capillaries→ great/middle cardiac veins → coronary sinus→ right atrium.

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12
Q

d. Fetal Circulation flow chart

A

i. Placenta→ umbilical vein→ ductus venosus→ Vena cava→ right atrium→ tricuspid→ right ventricle→ pulmonary semi lunar→ pulmonary artery→ ductus arteriosus→ fetal aorta→ fetal iliac arteries→ umbilical arteries→ placenta

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13
Q

e. Vessel Anatomy
i. Vessel tunics (layers, coats)
1. ___: deep, lines lumen (in contact with blood)- primarily simple squamous epithelium.
2. ___: middle layer, surrounds intima-primarily smooth muscle and elastic fibers (elastin).
3. ___: most superficial-primarily composed of collagen.

A
  • Tunica intima (interna)
  • Tunica media
  • Tunica externa (adventitia)
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14
Q

f. Coronary Circulation
i. ___: bring blood to myocardium, branch off aorta.
1. ___: supplies myocardium of left atrium/ both ventricles.
2. ___: supplies myocardium of right atrium/ both ventricles.
3. *when blood leaves heart tissue→ lungs→pulmonary circulation.
4. *atria walls are most susceptible to damage.
ii. ___: drain blood
1. ___: gather deoxygenated blood from ventral side of heart.
2. ___: gather deoxygenated blood from dorsal side of heart.
3. ___: receive blood from both middle and great cardiac veins.
iii. ___: Left ventricle→ aortic semi-lunar→ aorta→ left/right coronary artery→ myocardium capillaries→ great/middle cardiac veins → coronary sinus→ right atrium.
g. Hepatic portal circulation: *___ refers to liver, *___: blood has 1 errand (in this case liver).

A
  • Left and Right Coronary arteries
  • Left coronary
  • Right coronary
  • Great and Middle Cardiac veins
  • Great cardiac
  • Middle cardiac
  • Coronary sinus
  • Coronary circulation
  • hepatic
  • portal
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15
Q
  1. Heart Conduction
    a. ___: located in upper wall of atrium-PACEMAKER- directly stimulated atrial contraction.
    b. ___: located in lower right atrium-delays signal from passing to ventricles until both atria finish contracting.
    c. ___: carries impulse from AV node down septum between ventricles.
    d. ___: carries impulse from AV bundle up lateral sides of ventricle walls.
A
  • SA node (Sinotrial)
  • AV node
  • AV bundle
  • Purkinje Fibers
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16
Q
  1. Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)
    a. ___: atria depolarize/contract
    b. ___: ventricles depolarize/contract and atria repolarize (relax)
    c. ___: ventricles repolarize.
A
  • P wave
  • QRS complex
  • T waves
17
Q
  1. Fetal Circulation
    a. Key terms
    i. ___: found in uterine wall, place of exchange by diffusion between fetal/maternal blood.
    ii. ___: carries nutrient/oxygen rich blood from the placenta back into the fetus. (Quantity:1)
    iii. ___: branch off of fetal iliac arteries and carry fetal blood back to the placenta. (Quantity:2)
A
  • Placenta
  • Umbilical vein
  • Umbilical arteries
18
Q

Fetal Circulation

b. Other structures
i. ___: joins umbilical vein to vena cava (low O2) to bypass fetal liver.
ii. ___: opening in septum between atria in fetal heart. Allows some blood to pass from the right atrium directly ot the left atrium to bypass fetal lungs →systemic. (Reason for bypassing lungs is you don’t need gas exchange, to immature for respiratory system to work).
iii. ___: joins pulmonary artery to aorta to route some blood past fetal lungs.

A
  • Ductus venosus
  • Foramen ovale
  • Ductus ateriosus
19
Q

Fetal Circulation

c. Final facts
i. Maternal/fetal blood___ normally mix or come into contact.
ii. Maternal/fetal blood ___ shared
iii. Fetal blood travels the ___
iv. Diffusion occurs in the ___ between maternal/fetal blood. (Rh factor diffuses)
v. Fetus is vulnerable to components in maternal circulation.
1. ___→organs develop→ most susceptible stage
2. 3-4 weeks until primitive heart starts to function.

A
  • DO NOT
  • not
  • umbilical cord
  • placenta
  • 1st trimester

Anatomy Physiology Semester 2 (2 decks)

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