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Biomedical Anatomy > Cardiovascular system: Heart and BVs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system: Heart and BVs Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the heart (4)

A

Located in mediastinum

Between 2nd & 5th rib

2/3 to the left

LV is more posterior than RV

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2
Q

What are the two components of the pericardium and what are their functions? (2)

A

Fibrous pericardium: anchors heart

Serosal pericardium: parietal lines fibrous layer; visceral (epicardium) articulates with the heart

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3
Q

Label the following components of the pericardium:

Myocardium, fibrous pericardium, epicardium, heart chamber, pericardial cavity, endocardium, parietal pericardium

A
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4
Q

Lable the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

A
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5
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle in the cardiovascular system?

A

Regulates blood pressure

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6
Q

What are the two atrioventricular (AV) valves and where are they located?

A

Tricuspid valve: RA –> RV

Mitral valve: LA –> LV

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7
Q

What are the two semilunar (SL valves)? Where are they located?

A

Aortic valve: LV –> Aorta

Pulmonary valve: RV –> pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

Label the valves of the heart:

Pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and mitral valve

A
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9
Q

Label the following parts of the heart:

Left and right atria, left and right ventricles, mitral valve, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, aorta, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, inferior and superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, left and right pulmonary veins, left and right pulmonary arteries, interventricular septum, papillary muscle, and chordae tendineae

A
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10
Q

Label the following aspects of the heart:

Left and right atria and ventricles, brachiocephalic trunk, left and right pulmonary arteries and veins, superior and inferior vena cava, ascending aorta, aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery, left and right coronary arteries, small cardiac vein, anterior cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, left anterior descending artery (LAD), circumflex artery

A
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11
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the body starting at the vena cava.

A

Vena cava –> RA –> tricuspid valve –> RV –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary arteries –> lungs and alveoli –> pulmonary veins –> LA –> mitral valve –> LV –> aortic valve –> aorta –> rest of the body –> vena cava

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12
Q

What is the tissue type blocked out in this image? Why do the cells appear to bulge?

A

Purkinje fibers

Bulge due to glycogen storage

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13
Q

Label the following aspects of the heart:

Purkinje fibers, AV bundle (Bundle of His), SA Node, AV node

A
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14
Q

Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of this tissue?

A

Large/elastic artery

Thick tunica media

Elastic lamina (black squiggles)

Vasa vasorum (small vessels that feed the large artery

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15
Q

Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of this tissue?

A

Medium/muscular artery

Thick layer of smooth muscle with an internal elastic lamina and an external elastic lamina on either side of the smooth muscle layer

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16
Q

Identify the following tissue (red). What is a hallmark identifier of this tissue?

A

Small artery

2-6 layers of smooth muscle

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17
Q

Identify the following tissue (red). What is a hallmark identifier of this tissue? What special function does this tissue serve?

A

Arteriole

1-2 layers of smooth muscle

Resistance vessels (modulate blood pressure)

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18
Q

What are the three types of capillaries? What are their functions?

A

Continuous: majority of capillary beds; little or no movement across endothelial cells

Fenestrated: Allow for fluid flow across endothelial cells; located in the kidneys, villi of small intestine, choroid plexus, endocrine glands

Sinusoidal: large gaps with incomplete basement membrane (RBCs pass through); located in bone marrow, liver, spleen, anterior pituitary, parathyroid, and lymph nodes

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19
Q

Label the following aspects of capillary beds:

Sinusoid, postcapillary venule, elastic arteries, large and small veins, arterioles, capillaries, muscular arteries, arteriovenous anastomosis

A
20
Q

How can you differentiate a small vein from a venule?

A

Small veins have a thin layer of smooth muscles, which venules lack

21
Q

Identify the following tissue (red). What are hallmark identifiers of this tissue?

A

Medium vein

May contain valves to prevent backflow

Longitudinal long muscle (tunica adventitia)

22
Q

Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of this tissue?

A

Large vein​

Thick tunica adventitia (longitudinal smooth muscle)

Lacks valves

23
Q

Label the following aspects of the coronary arterial circulation:

Anterior and posterior intraventricular arteries, left and right coronary arteries, circumflex artery, and right marginal artery

A
24
Q

What is the name of the groove that the coronary arteries rest in?

A

Atrioventricular groove

25
Q

Label the following aspects of the coronary venous circulation:

Small cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins

A
26
Q

What are the four regions of the aorta?

A

Ascending aorta

Aortic arch

Thoracic aorta

Abdominal aorta

27
Q

What are the three components of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

28
Q

Label the following aortic branches

Celiac trunk, common iliac, left and right subclavian, left and right common carotid, left and right coronary, gonadal, renal, superior and inferior mesenteric, brachiocephalic

A
29
Q

What parts of the body do the internal and external carotid arteries supply blood to?

A

Internal carotid –> brain

External carotid –> head & neck

30
Q

What two blood vessels do the left and right subclavian arteries give rise to? What do they supply?

A

Vertebral –> posterior brain

Axillary –> arm

31
Q

What is the function of the circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle)?

A

Provide alternative circulation in the brain; internal carotid branches into anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Anastomosis

32
Q

Label the following vessels of the head and neck:

Internal and external jugular veins, brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava (SVC), azygous vein, subclavian veins

A
33
Q

Label the following arteries of the upper limbs:

Ulnar, brachial, axillary, thoracic branches, radial

A
34
Q

What vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins? Why is this vein significant?

A

Median cubital vein

commonly used for blood drawing

35
Q

Label the following veins of the upper limbs:

Cephalic, basilic, deep and superficial palmar, brachiocephalic, radial, digital, ulnar, brachial, subclavian, median antebrachial, median cubital, axillary

A
36
Q

What are the three branches of the celiac trunk? What organs do they supply?

A

Hepatic –> liver

Gastric –> stomach

Splenic –> spleen

37
Q

What artery is indicated by the arrow? What does it supply?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

*largest branch of abdominal aorta*

supplies small intestine and 1/2 of large intestine

38
Q

What arteries indicated by the arrows?

A

Renal arteries

39
Q

What arteries are indicated by the arrows?

A

Gonadal arteries

40
Q

What is the main function of the hepatic portal circulation?

A

Filters deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the digestive system

Hepatic portal vein

41
Q

Label the following veins associated with the inferior vena cava:

Renal veins, suprarenal veins, hepatic veins, left and right gonadal veins, common iliac vein, internal and external iliac veins, inferior phrenic vein, left ascending lumbar vein, lumbar veins

A
42
Q

Label the following arteries of the lower limbs:

Femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior tibial, internal and external iliac

A
43
Q

Label the following veins of the lower limbs:

Dorsal metatarsal, popliteal, anterior tibial, femoral, dorsal venous arch, fibular, small saphenous, dorsalis pedis

A
44
Q

What is significant about the great saphenous vein?

A

It’s the longest vein in the body

45
Q

Label the following veins that drain into the inferior vena cava:

Femoral, external iliac, great saphenous (superficial), internal iliac, common iliac

A
46
Q

Label the following pulse points:

Facial artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis artery, radial artery, femoral artery, superficial temporal artery, common carotid artery, posterior tibial artery, brachial artery

A

Biomedical Anatomy (10 decks)

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