Cardiovascular System Revision Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
A
- Heart
- Blood vessels
2
Q
What does the heart do?
A
Pumps blood around the body
3
Q
What do the blood vessels do?
A
Transport blood
4
Q
What things (5) does blood carry?
A
- Gases
- Nutrients
- Wastes
- Hormones
- Others
5
Q
Which circuit is 1?
A
Pulmonary circuit
6
Q
Which circuit is 2?
A
Systemic circuit
7
Q
3 ?
A
Oxygen-rich
CO2 poor blood
8
Q
4 ?
A
Oxygen-poor
CO2 rich blood
9
Q
Part A
A
Left atrium
10
Q
Part B
A
Left ventricle
11
Q
Part C
A
Right atrium
12
Q
Part D
A
Right ventricle
13
Q
Describe the flow of blood through the body starting at the lungs
A
- Oxygen-rich blood from lungs into left atrium via pulmonary veins.
- Oxygen-rich blood pushed out of of left ventricle to be pumped around the body (systemic circuit)
- Oxygen-poor blood in tissues back to the heart into right atrium
- Oxygen-poor blood pushed out of right ventricle back to the lungs, via the pulmonary arteries
14
Q
Where is the heart located?
A
In the sternum, slightly more to the left
15
Q
Where is the heart found?
A
In the medial cavity of the thorax - mediastinum
16
Q
What surrounds the heart?
A
Pericardium
17
Q
Pulmonary circuit
A
To the lungs and then back to the heart
18
Q
Systemic system
A
To the rest of the body and back to the heart
19
Q
Name the four chambers of the heart
A
Left and right atrium
left and right ventricle
20
Q
What do the atria of the heart do?
A
Receive blood
21
Q
What do the ventricles of the heart do?
A
Push blood to the lungs/body
22
Q
The heart has 2 sets of valves. What are they?
A
2 atrioventricular valves
2 semilunar valves
23
Q
Where are the atrioventricular valves located?
A
Between the atria and ventricles
24
Q
Where are the semilunar valves located?
A
Between the ventricles and the arteries leaving the heart
25
Main function of the heart
To pump blood
26
These return blood to the heart
Veins
27
These receive blood returning to the heart
Atria
28
These pump blood away from the heart
Ventricles
29
These take blood away from the heart
arteries
30
These prevent backflow of blood as it flows through the heart
Valves
31
Ventricles contracting
Systole
32
Ventricles relaxing
Diastole
33
Which requires more pressure, systemic circulation or pulmonary circulation. Explain why?
Systemic circulation as it has to pump blood further
34
Name the 2 atrioventricular valves and state what side they are located?
Tricuspid - right side
Bicuspid - left side
35
What do the atrioventricular valves do?
Prevent backflow during contraction
36
What do the semilunar valves do?
prevent backflow of blood when the ventricles relax
37
# Fill in the blanks.
AV valves open when pressure in the atria is ------------ than in the ventricles. ie when ventricles are ---------------
AV valves close when pressure in the ventricles is ----------------- than in the atria. ie when ventricles are ----------------------------
Greater
Relaxed
Greater
Contracting
38
# Fill in the blanks.
When ventricles contract, ventricular pressure -------------- and AV valves ------------------- and SL valves -----------
When ventricles relax, ventricular pressure ---------------- and AV valves ------ and SL valves ------------------
Increases, close, open
Decreases, open, close
39
What are the LUBB and DUBB sounds?
LUBB = closure of the AV valves
DUBB = closure of the SL valves
40
What are the types of blood vessels
* Large arteries - Elastic and muscular
* Small arteries - arterioles
* Capillaries - Connect arteries and veins
* Small veins - Venules and veins
41
Where are elastic arteries found?
Close to the heart
42
What do muscular arteries do?
Distribute blood to the body
43
How are venules formed?
By capillaries joining together
44
How are veins formed?
By venules joining together
45
Arteries and veins have 3 layers known as what? What are these layers primarily made of?
* Tunica externa - collagen
* Tunica media - smooth muscle (elastic)
* Tunic intima - Simple squamous epithelium
46
Why do veins have valves?
To ensure the one way flow of blood back to the heart
47
Return of blood to the heart via veins uses what 2 pumps?
* Skeletal muscle pump
* Respiratory pump
48
Describe the term pulse
Pressure wave (as a result of the left ventricle contracting) felt in an artery that lies close to the surface of the body.
49
Heart rate can be counted by counting ------------ ----------
Pulse rate
50
With BP, flow is always from areas of --------- pressure to ---------
High
Low
51
What is blood pressure?
Pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of a blood vessel
52
What device is used to measure BP?
Sphygmomanometer
53
BP --------------- through the circulatory system
drops
54
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse rate
55
Blood pressure is determined by what 3 things?
* Cardiac output (Stroke volume x heart rate)
* Blood volume
* Peripheral resistance
56
An increased blood volume leads to a(n) -------------------- BP
A decreased blood volume leads to a(n) ---------------- BP
Increased
decreased
57
Vasoconstriction leads to a(n) ---------------------- BP
Vasodilation leads to a(n) ---------------------- BP
increased
decreased
58
An increase in tube length leads to a(n) --------------- in BP
Increase
59
Thicker blood leads to a(n) -------------------- in BP
Increase
60
What are the components of a feedback system?
Stimulus
receptor
control centre
effector
61
Increased heart rate to clear extra blood is known as what reflex?
The Bainbridge reflex
62
# Fill in the blanks.
When more blood enters the ventricles from atria, ventricular muscle is ------------------. The --------------- the stretch, the ---------------------- the force of contraction and -------------------------- stroke volume.
Stretched
greater
greater
greater
63
What is Frank Starlings Law of the Heart?
The force of ventricular contraction is determined by the length of the cardiac muscle muscles
64
What is Marey's Law?
Inverse relationship between blood pressure (BP) and Heart rate (HR)
65
When BP is too high, Heart rate ----------------------------
When BP is too low, Heart rate ----------------------------
Decreases
Increases
66
# Fill in the blanks.
Exercise → -------------------------- muscle contraction → ------------------------ Skeletal muscle pump → ---------------------- blood flow back to the heart
Increased
Increased
Increased
67
Exercise → ------------------ rate and depth of respiration → -------------------------- blood flow in the thoracic cavity (during inspiration) and blood entering the heart (during expiration)
Increased
Increased
68
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood ejected from the ventricle during one contraction
69
What is end diastolic volume (EDV)?
Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole (relaxation and filling of the ventricle).
70
What is end systolic volume (ESV)?
Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of systole (contraction and emptying of the ventricle).
71
Stroke volume = the difference between ------------- and ----------------
EDV and ESV
72
What is meant by the term preload?
The degree to which the ventricular muscle is stretched just before contracting
73
What is meant by the term afterload?
The pressure that the ventricles must overcome to push the blood through the semilunar valves as the ventricles are contracting
74
Which organs in the renal system are sensitive to changes in BP?
The kidneys
75
Which system is initiated by decreased blood flow to the kidneys?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
76
An increase in blood volume and vasoconstriction will lead to an ---------------------- in BP
Increase
77
Systems work together.
Increased heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) → increased ------------ ---------------- (CO) → ------------------ blood pressure (BP)
Carfiac output
increased
