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Medical Interpreter > Cardiovascular System Terminology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Terminology Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

what is the heart

A

(corazon)
- a muscle at center of circulatory system that keeps blood moving at all times

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2
Q

what is the structure of the heart?

A

2 pumps work side by side
1. at the top (take in blood)
- right and left atrium
2. at the bottom (pump blood out)
- right and left ventricles

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3
Q

are ventricles or atriums bigger?

A

the ventricles are larger

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4
Q

how does the heart deliver blood around the body

A

it uses blood vessels
(los vasos sanguineos)

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of blood vessels

A
  1. arteries
  2. capillaries
  3. veins
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6
Q

what are arteries? (structure and function)

A

(arterias)
- they carry blood AWAY from the heart
- have strong, flexible walls
- blood in arteries are HIGH in oxygen and look red

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7
Q

what are capillaries? (structure and function)

A

(capilares)
- they are tiny, thin walled blood vessels
- found all throughout the body
- function is to carry nutrients and oxygen to all the body cells
- they also carry waste products and carbon dioxide from cells into the blood

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8
Q

what are veins?
(structure and function)

A

(venas)
- function is to take blood from capillaries and carry it back to the heart
- walls of veins are thinner and less flexible than artery walls
- veins have walls that allow blood to move only in 1 direction

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9
Q

what is the aorta

A

(aorta)
the largest artery that carries blood away from heart to other arteries in body

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10
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

(arteria pulmonar)
the artery that carriers blood away from the heart to the LUNGS

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11
Q

what are the pulmonary veins

A

(venas pulmonares)
they return blood from the lungs to the heart

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12
Q

what is the superior vena cava

A

(vena cava superior)
it brings blood from the head and shoulders to the heart

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13
Q

what is the inferior vena cava

A

(vena cava inferior)
it brings blood from the abdomen and lower part of the body to the heart

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14
Q

what is blood pressure

A

(presion arterial)
the blood pressure that circulates in the body creates a pressure inside of the blood vessels called blood pressure

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15
Q

what are the 2 measurements of blood pressure

A
  1. systolic pressure (presion sistolica)
  2. diastolic pressure (presion diastolica)
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16
Q

what is systolic pressure

A

the upper number in blood pressure that measures each time the heart beats

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17
Q

what is the diastolic pressure

A

it is the lower number in blood pressure that is created each time the heart relaxes between beats

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18
Q

what is the normal blood pressure range for a healthy young adult

A

around 120/80

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19
Q

what does your pulse tell you

A

it tells you how fast the heart is beating and can be determined by placing fingers inside of the wrist or on the front part of neck

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20
Q

what are the 2 basic parts that make up blood

A
  1. plasma
  2. blood cells (celulas sanguineas)
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21
Q

explain the 2 parts of blood

A

the cells float in the plasma

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22
Q

what are the 3 kinds of blood cells

A
  1. red blood cells (globulos rojos)
  2. white blood cells (globulos blancos)
  3. platelets (plaquetas)
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23
Q

what do red blood cells do

A

they carry oxygen from lungs to the body and the waste product of carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs

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24
Q

what carries oxygen in red blood cells

A

(hemoglobina)
hemoglobin is the iron rich proteins that carry oxygen, they give blood the red color

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25
what do white blood cells do
they fight infections by destroying bacteria and making antibodies
26
what do platelets do
they help to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
27
what is anemia
the blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of the body
28
what is the most common cause for anemia
body does not have enough iron which is needed to make hemoglobin
29
symptoms of anemia
include feeling tired, cold, dizzy, irritable, short of breath, and can cause headaches
30
what is an aneurysm
aneurisma - a bulge (ballooning) in the wall of an artery that can burst and cause internal bleeding and sometimes death
31
where do most aneurysms occur
in the aorta, but can also occur in arteries that run from heart through chest and abdomen, can also happen in the brain
32
aneurysm symptoms
do not always cause symptoms at first
33
what is angina pectoris
(angina de pecho) chest pain or discomfort felt when not enough blood flows to the heart muscle
34
symptoms of angina pectories
- feel chest pressure or squeezing - feel like indigestion - can cause shoulder, arm, neck, jaw or back pain
35
what is angina pectoris a symptom of
it is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD) (arteriopatia coronaria)
36
why does CAD occur
because of palque build up in the arteries that reduce blood flow
37
what is arrythmia
(arritmia) - problem with rate of rhythm of heartrate (can be too quick, too slow, or irregular)
38
what is tachycardia
(taquicardia) when heartrate is too FAST
39
what is bradychardia
(bradicardia) when heartrate is too SLOW
40
what is atrial fibrillation?
(fibrilacion auricular) when heartrate has an irregular rhythm
41
Symptoms of arrhythmia
- fast heartbeat/slow heatbeat/skipping beats - lightheadedness or dizziness - chest pain - shortness of breath - sweating
42
what is cholesterol
the waxy, fat-like substance that is natural in all parts of body - too much in blood can stick to walls of arteries and create plaques - no symptoms of high levels of blood cholesterol
43
what are congenital heart defects
(defectos cardiacos congenitos) a problem with the structure of the heart - normally a birth defect that disrupts flow of blood through the heart
44
what is congestive heart failure
(insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva) - condition where heart does not pump enough blood to meet body's needs
45
symptoms of congestive heart failure
- blood and fluid back up into lungs - buildup of fluid in ankles and legs (edema) - tiredness, shortness of breath
46
3 common causes of heart failure
1. coronary artery disease 2. high blood pressure 3. diabetes
47
what is high blood pressure
(hipertension) 140/90 or higher - no symptoms but can lead to stroke, heart failure, heart attack, and kidney failure
48
what is prehypertension
(prehipertension) - means you may end up with high blood pressure unless you take steps to prevent it
49
what is hypothermia
(hipotermia) abnormally low body temperature - causes sleepines, confusion, and clumsiness
50
what is myocardial infection
(infarto de miocardio) - a heart attack that causes permanent heart damage or death
51
symptoms of heart attack
- chest discomfort - shortness of breath - discomfort of upper body (arms, shoulder, neck or back) - nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, sweating
52
what is sickle cell anemia
(anemia falciforme) - disease where body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells that leads to anemia
53
symptoms of sickle cell anemia
- tiredness, weakness - shortness of breath - dizziness - headaches - coldness in hands and feet
54
what are varicose veins
(varices o venas varicosas) - when veins are swollen, twisted that can be seen just under the skin, normally occur in the legs
55
what is the medical specialist that handles health of the heart?
cardiologist (cardiologo)
56
what is a blood test
(analisis de sangre) when blood is drawn and checks the various tests depending on what the doctor ordered
57
what is blood transfusion
(transfusion de sangre) - blood is taken from donor, tested for match of blood type, then injected into patient
58
what is bone marrow transplant
(transplante de medula osea) - when diseased bone marrow of patient is killed using therapy then new bone marrow is injected along w other substances
59
what is echocardiogram (echo)?
(ecocardiograma) - ultrasound directed at patient's chest that shows the structure and movement of heart
60
what is electrocardiogram (EKG)
(electrocardiograma) - test that records the electricity flowing though the heart using wires attached to patient's chest
61
what is an exercise tolerance test (ETT)
(prueba de tolerancia al ejercicio) - when a patient is walking/jogging, technician will measure blood pressure, pulse, and take an EKG

Medical Interpreter (22 decks)

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