Cardiovascular System Test

Question 1

Name the 4 heart valves

Answer 1

Tricuspid
Bicuspid/mitral
Aortic
Pulmonary

Question 2

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 2

between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 3

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

Answer 3

between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 4

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

Answer 4

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 5

Where is the aortic valve located?

Answer 5

between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 6

Name the 4 heart chambers

Answer 6

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Question 7

What kind of blood does the left atrium carry?

Answer 7

oxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide poor

Question 8

What kind of blood does right atrium carry?

Answer 8

unoxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide rich

Question 9

What kind of blood does the left ventricle carry?

Answer 9

oxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide poor

Question 10

What kind of blood does the right ventricle carry?

Answer 10

unoxygenated blood. Carbon dioxide rich

Question 11

Name the 3 major types of blood vessels

Answer 11

Capillaries, veins, arteries

Question 12

What is the function of capillaries? What are its characteristics?

Answer 12

carry oxygenated blood from arteries to body cells and take unoxygenated blood to veins. Walls are only one cell thick

Question 13

What is the function of veins? What are its characteristics?

Answer 13

carry unoxygenated blood into the heart. Thinner walls compared to arteries

Question 14

What is the function of arteries? What are its characteristics?

Answer 14

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Large, thick walls that are elastic

Question 15

This is the only artery that does not carry oxygenated blood

Answer 15

pulmonary artery. Carries unoxygenated blood to lungs to be oxygenated

Question 16

This is the only vein that does not carry unoxygenated blood

Answer 16

pulmonary veins

Question 17

Name the 3 membranes of the heart

Answer 17

Endocardium
Pericardium
Myocardium

Question 18

This is the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle

Answer 18

Myocardium

Question 19

This is the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels, composed of fibrous and serous layers. Outermost membrane

Answer 19

pericardium

Question 20

This is the innermost layer of membranes of the heart

Answer 20

endocardium

Question 21

Name the functions of the circulatory system

Answer 21

1. Respiration
2. Nutrition
3. Immunity
4. Thermoregulation
5. Cellular Communication

Question 22

Explain the conduction system of the heart

Answer 22

1. First electrical impulse initiates at the SA Node (pacemaker)
2. Current of electricity makes the walls of atria contract
3. Wave passes to the AV Node
4. AV Node delays wave to allow blood from atria to empty into the ventricles
5. Wave moves to Bundle of His
6. Divide into right & left bundle branch
7. Purkinje fibers will contract ventricles

Question 23

Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circulation

Answer 23

Pulmonary-circulation of blood through vessels from heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Systemic-pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart

Question 24

What is the carotid artery and what is its function?

Answer 24

Major blood vessel in the neck which supplies blood to the brain, head, and face

Question 25

What is an electrocardiogram?

Answer 25

record or display of a person's heartbeat

Question 26

2 phases of the heartbeat

Answer 26

Systolic-contraction. aortic and pulmonary valves open | Diastolic-relaxation. tricuspid and mitral valves open

Question 27

What is a murmur?

Answer 27

improper closure of a heart valve

Question 28

What is blood pressure?

Answer 28

the force blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

Question 29

What is normal blood pressure?

Answer 29

120/80

Question 30

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 30

sphygomanometer

Question 31

Instrument used to listen to internal sounds of the body

Answer 31

stethoscope

Question 32

What are arrhythmias? List the types

Answer 32

abnormal rhythms of the heart. Tachycardia, bradycardia, flutter, fibrillation

Question 33

slow heart beat

Answer 33

bradycardia

Question 34

fast heart beat

Answer 34

tachycardia

Question 35

rapid but irregular atrial or ventricular contractions

Answer 35

flutter

Question 36

rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart

Answer 36

fibrillation

Question 37

most common type of arrhythmia. fibrillation of the atria that causes improper blood flow to the ventricles

Answer 37

atrial fibrillation

Question 38

most serious type of arrhythmia. lower chambers shiver and the heart does not pump any blood

Answer 38

ventricular fibrillation

Question 39

congenital malformation involving four separate heart defects

Answer 39

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 40

congenital narrowing of the large artery leading from the heart

Answer 40

coarctation of the aorta

Question 41

defect in the walls between chambers (usually holes in the wall)

Answer 41

septal defects

Question 42

high blood pressure affecting the heart

Answer 42

hypertensive heart disease (hypertension)

Question 43

blockage of the arteries surrounding the heart leading to ischemis

Answer 43

coronary artery disease

Question 44

inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood

Answer 44

congestive heart failure

Question 45

heart attack

Answer 45

myocardial infarction

Question 46

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Answer 46

endocarditis

Question 47

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

Answer 47

pericarditis

Question 48

widening of a blood vessel

Answer 48

aneurysm

Question 49

What is the difference between arterioslcerosis and artherosclerosis?

Answer 49

Arterioslcerosis is the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls. Artherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.

Question 50

inadequate supply of blood to an organ, especially the heart

Answer 50

ischemia

Question 51

surgical repair of a valve

Answer 51

valvuloplasty

Question 52

record of blood vessel

Answer 52

angiogram

Question 53

surgical repair of a blood vessel

Answer 53

angioplasty

Question 54

abnormal condition of tissue death

Answer 54

necrosis

Question 55

enlargement of the heart

Answer 55

cardiomegaly

Question 56

deficiency of oxygen

Answer 56

hypoxia

Question 57

disease of the heart muscle

Answer 57

cardiomyopathy

Question 58

smallest blood vessel

Answer 58

capillary

Question 59

small vein

Answer 59

venule

Question 60

small artery

Answer 60

arteriole

Question 61

listening with a stethoscope

Answer 61

ausculation

Question 62

clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel

Answer 62

emboli