Cardiovascular Vocab Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
Which type of circulation takes blood to and from the cells of the lungs?
A
pulmonary
2
Q
Which type of circulation begins with blood being pumped out of the left side of the heart?
A
systemic
3
Q
What is the waste product excreted by the lungs?
A
carbon dioxide
4
Q
Which is a combining form for a vessel that carries blood away from the heart?
A
arteri/o
5
Q
Which is a combining form for a vessel that carries blood toward the heart?
A
phleb/o
6
Q
The visceral pericardium is:
A
epicardium
7
Q
The tissue walls between the chambers of the heart are:
A
septa
8
Q
The area of the chest wall anterior to the heart and lower thorax is:
A
precordium
9
Q
An upper chamber of the heart is the:
A
atrium
10
Q
A lower chamber of the heart is the:
A
ventricle
11
Q
The heart muscle’s dedicated system of blood supply is the:
A
coronary arteries
12
Q
Deoxygenated blood travels to the lungs through the:
A
pulmonary arteries
13
Q
Blood returns to the heart from systemic circulation through the:
A
vena cava
14
Q
Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the:
A
aorta
15
Q
The valve between the right upper and lower chambers of the heart is the:
A
tricuspid valve
16
Q
The valve between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart is the:
A
mitral/bicuspid valve
17
Q
A synonym for the bicuspid valve is:
A
mitral valve
18
Q
Which is NOT an area of the heart wall fed by the coronary arteries?
A
superior
19
Q
The inner lining of the heart is:
A
endocardium
20
Q
Heart rate is measured in:
A
BPM
21
Q
The contractive phase of the heartbeat is:
A
systole
22
Q
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat is:
A
diastole
23
Q
The amount of blood expelled from the left ventricle compared with the total volume filling the
ventricle is called:
A
ejection fraction
24
Q
Blood pressure is measured with a(n):
A
sphygmomanometer
25
The natural pacemaker of the heart is the:
sinoatrial node
26
An abnormal heartbeat is a/an:
arrhythmia
27
The atrioventricular bundle is the same as the:
bundle of His
28
The process of recording the electrical activity of the heart is:
electrocardiography
29
An abnormal sound heard when auscultating an artery is a:
bruit
30
Profuse secretion of sweat is:
diaphoresis
31
Pounding or racing of the heart is:
palpitation
32
Paleness of skin and/or mucous membranes is:
pallor
33
An abnormal heart sound heard during systole, diastole, or both is a:
murmur
34
An abnormally slow heartbeat is:
bradycardia
35
Breathlessness or air hunger is:
SOB
36
Fainting is:
syncope
37
An enlargement of the heart is:
cardiomegaly
38
Discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygenation of the blood is:
cyanosis
39
Fine vibration felt by the examiner on touch is a:
thrill
40
An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta is:
pda (patent ductus arteriosus)
41
A narrowing of the largest artery of the body is:
coarctation of the aorta
42
A hole in the wall between the top chambers of the heart is:
asd (atrial septal defect)
43
A hole in the wall between the lower chambers of the heart is:
vsd
44
A backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium across a diseased valve in systole is:
mr
45
A protrusion of one or both cusps of the valve on the left side of the heart back into the left upper
chamber is:
mvp (mitral valve prolapse)
46
Inflammation of a valve is:
valvulitis
47
Premature atrial contractions are:
aeb
48
Rapid, regular atrial rhythm is:
atrial flutter
49
Ventricular ectopic beats are:
pvc (premature ventricular beats)
50
The most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, manifesting as a series of extremely rapid and
irregular atrial contractions, is:
atrial fibrillation
51
Paroxysmal chest pain, often accompanied by shortness of breath and a sensation of impending doom, is:
angina pectoris
52
An accumulation and hardening of plaque in the coronary arteries is:
cad
53
Cardiac tissue death that occurs when a coronary artery is occluded is:
mi
54
A mass of fat or lipids on the wall of an artery is a(n):
atheroma
55
A progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart is:
cardiomyopathy
56
Inflammation of the lining of the heart and its valves is:
endocarditis
57
Inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently, so that it becomes overloaded, is:
chf (congestive heart failure)
58
The term for localized dilation of an artery caused by congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of
the vessel is:
aneurysm
59
Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles are:
claudication
60
Varicose veins that appear at the end of the esophagus are:
esophageal varices
61
A disease in which the arterial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity, but atheromas are
not present, is:
arteriosclerosis
62
Hardening of the arteries and the presence of atheromas are:
atherosclerosis
63
Inflammation of either deep or superficial veins, leading to formation of one or more blood clots, is:
thrombophlebitis
64
High blood pressure as a result of no identifiable cause is:
essential
65
varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins is:
hemorrhoids
66
A unilateral circulatory disease secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or trauma is:
Raynaud phenomenon
67
An idiopathic disease of the peripheral vascular system, causing intermittent cyanosis and/or erythema of the distal ends of the fingers and/or toes, is:
Raynaud disease
68
The type of hypertension caused by another disease is:
secondary
69
What is the procedure in which ultrasonic waves are directed through the heart to study its structure and motion?
echocardiography
70
The use of radionuclides to diagnose CAD, valvular or congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy is:
myocardial perfusion imaging
71
A computerized nuclear medicine procedure that uses inhaled or injected radioactive substances to help identify how much a patient will benefit from revascularization procedures is:
positron emission tomography
72
Threading a thin tube into the heart to collect diagnostic information about cardiac structures, coronary arteries, and great vessels is a(n):
cardiac catheterization
73
A blood test to measure cholesterol and triglycerides in the circulating blood is a(n):
lipid profile
74
A blood test to measure the amount of LDH and CPK in the blood is a(n):
cardiac enzymes test
75
The use of a cardiopulmonary machine to do the work of the heart during an open-heart procedure is:
ECC
76
What is a mechanical pump device that assists a patient's weakened heart?
LVAD
77
What is an external or implantable device that provides an electronic shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm?
cardiac defibrillator
78
What is a small, battery-operated device that helps the heart beat in a regular rhythm?
cardiac pacemaker
79
Open-heart surgery in which a piece of a blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage is:
cabg (coronary artery bypass grafting)
80
What is a surgical procedure in which a catheter is threaded into the coronary artery affected by
atherosclerotic heart disease, and then the balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated and deflated to expand the lumen of the artery?
ptca (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
81
What is a surgical procedure in which the heart is still beating while a minimal incision is made over the coronary artery with a blockage, and an artery from the chest wall is used as the bypass?
midcab
82
What is a procedure using a laser to make a series of holes in the heart tissue in the hope of
increasing blood flow by stimulating new blood vessels to grow?
tmr (transmyocardial laser revascularization)
83
Destruction of abnormal cardiac electrical pathways causing arrhythmias is:
radiofrequency catheter ablation
84
A procedure to treat cardiac tamponade by aspirating fluid from the pericardium is:
pericardiocentesis
85
Surgical repair of a valve is:
valvuloplasty
86
Removal of hemorrhoids is:
hemorrhoidectomy
87
Injection of a chemical solution into varicosities to cause inflammation and destruction of the lining of the veins so that blood flow is rerouted through adjoining vessels is:
sclerotherapy
88
What is the name for drugs that lessen myocardial oxygen demand by slowing the flow of calcium to smooth muscle cells, causing arterial relaxation?
CCBS (calcium-channel blockers)
89
What are drugs that reduce the level of LDLs in the blood?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
90
Drugs that relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of a vasoconstrictor are:
ACE inhibitors
91
Which drugs help the body form and excrete urine and are used in the treatment of hypertension and
congestive heart failure?
diuretics
92
Inflammation and clot formation in a superficial vein is called:
svt (superficial vein thrombosis)
93
Which type of medication acts on plasminogen, causing clots to disintegrate?
thrombolytics
94
What drugs relax blood vessels and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption to lessen the pain of
angina pectoris?
nitrates
95
Which procedure stops the heart while surgery is accomplished through small incisions in the chest?
PACAB
96
Stimulation of the growth of new vessels is:
angiogenesis
97
The abbreviation for a medication that inhibits the flow of calcium to smooth muscle of the heart.
CCB
98
Narrowing of the aortic valve is called:
aortic stenosis
99
Backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is called:
mitral regurgitation
100
Incomplete electrical conduction in the bundle branches is called:
bundle branch block
101
Any abnormality of the sinus node is called:
sick sinus syndrome
102
Inflammation of the blood vessels is called:
vasculitis
103
Below-normal blood pressure is called:
hypotension
104
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is called:
pericarditis
105
Elongated, dilated, superficial veins with incompetent valves are:
varicose veins
106
A vascular disorder limited to the extremities is called:
peripheral vascular disease
107
Blockage of blood flow to the extremities is called:
peripheral arterial occlusion
108
Low blood pressure upon rising to a standing position is called:
orthostatic hypotension
109
What is the term for heartbeats that occur outside the normal rhythm?
ectopic beats
110
What is the term for a benign growth in the interatrial septum?
atrial myxoma
111
What is the term for a noncancerous tumor of the blood vessels?
hemangioma
112
A rare heart cancer originating in the left atrium is:
cardiac myxosarcoma
113
A rare cancer of the cells that line the blood vessels is:
hemangiosarcoma
114
The term for heart pain is:
cardiodynia
115
Difficult and/or painful breathing is called:
dyspnea
116
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues is called:
edema
117
Another term for vomit is:
emesis
118
The sensation or urge to vomit is called:
nausea
119
An excessive amount of blood in vessels of the lungs is called:
pulmonary congestion
120
A rapid heartbeat is called:
tachycardia
121
The condition of enlarged or swollen veins is called:
venous distension
122
A congenital anomaly that consists of four defects is called:
tetralogy of Fallot.
123
Narrowing of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called:
mitral stenosis
124
Protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium is called:
mitral valve prolapse
125
The condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably is called:
orthopnea
126
Narrowing of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called:
tricuspid stenosis
127
Extremely rapid and irregular heart contractions are called:
fibrillation
128
An extremely rapid but regular heartbeat is called:
flutter
129
Inflammation and the formation of a clot in a deep vein is called:
dvt (deep vein thrombosis)
