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SAPE October 2015 > CARDS > Flashcards

CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

How might HTN present in clinic?

A

asymptomatic or with HA

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2
Q

How might HTN present in clinic?

A

asymptomatic or with HA

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3
Q

Define Stage 1 HTN.

A

SBP 140-159

DBP 90-99

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4
Q

Define Stage 2 HTN.

A

SBP >160

DBP >100

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5
Q

Define malignant HTN.

A

SBP > 180

DBP > 120

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6
Q

What are some signs of target organ damage?

A

-retinopathy: cotton wool spots, AV nicking, hemorrhages
-heart: increase LV tension causes CHF
-nephropathy
-brain: stroke
PV: claudication, decreased pulses

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7
Q

What labs are done when working up a HTN patient?

A
  • EKG
  • Hgb/Hct
  • UA
  • cholesterol
  • FBG
  • potassium, calcium, creatinine
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8
Q

BP Tx Goal for Uncomplicated HTN

A
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9
Q

BP Tx Goal for HTN in Pts with Renal Dz, DM or CAD

A
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10
Q

BP Tx Goal for Pts with Heart Failure

A
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11
Q

Big 5 Lifestyle Modifications for HTN Pts

A
  • physical activity
  • DASH diet/low sodium diet
  • weight reduction
  • smoking cessation
  • decrease EtOH
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12
Q

Major CHD Risk Factors

A
  • family hx: male 45, female >55
  • HTN: >140/90 or HTN meds
  • current cigarette smoking
  • HDL
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13
Q

What is a negative CHD risk factor?

A

HDL > 60

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14
Q

CHD Risk Equivalents

A
  • DM
  • peripheral arterial dz
  • AAA
  • symptomatic carotid artery dz
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15
Q

Normal Total Cholesterol

A
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16
Q

Normal LDL Cholesterol

A
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17
Q

Normal HDL Cholesterol

A

> 60

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18
Q

Normal TGs

A
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19
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with 0-1 CHD risk factors? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC when LDL > 160

- goal

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20
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with >2 CHD risk factors and 10 year risk

A
  • start TLC when LDL > 130

- goal LDL

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21
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with >2 risk factors and 10 year risk 10-20%? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC at LDL > 130

- goal LDL

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22
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for CHD Patients

A
  • healthy diet
  • weight reduction
  • increased physical activity
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23
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for CHD Patients

A
  • healthy diet
  • weight reduction
  • increased physical activity
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24
Q

Define Stage 1 HTN.

A

SBP 140-159

DBP 90-99

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25
Q

Define Stage 2 HTN.

A

SBP >160

DBP >100

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26
Q

Define malignant HTN.

A

SBP > 180

DBP > 120

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27
Q

What are some signs of target organ damage?

A

-retinopathy: cotton wool spots, AV nicking, hemorrhages
-heart: increase LV tension causes CHF
-nephropathy
-brain: stroke
PV: claudication, decreased pulses

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1
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28
Q

What labs are done when working up a HTN patient?

A
  • EKG
  • Hgb/Hct
  • UA
  • cholesterol
  • FBG
  • potassium, calcium, creatinine
29
Q

BP Tx Goal for Uncomplicated HTN

A
30
Q

BP Tx Goal for HTN in Pts with Renal Dz, DM or CAD

A
31
Q

BP Tx Goal for Pts with Heart Failure

A
32
Q

Big 5 Lifestyle Modifications for HTN Pts

A
  • physical activity
  • DASH diet/low sodium diet
  • weight reduction
  • smoking cessation
  • decrease EtOH
33
Q

Major CHD Risk Factors

A
  • family hx: male 45, female >55
  • HTN: >140/90 or HTN meds
  • current cigarette smoking
  • HDL
34
Q

What is a negative CHD risk factor?

A

HDL > 60

35
Q

CHD Risk Equivalents

A
  • DM
  • peripheral arterial dz
  • AAA
  • symptomatic carotid artery dz
36
Q

Normal Total Cholesterol

A
37
Q

Normal LDL Cholesterol

A
38
Q

Normal HDL Cholesterol

A

> 60

39
Q

Normal TGs

A
40
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with 0-1 CHD risk factors? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC when LDL > 160

- goal

41
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with >2 CHD risk factors and 10 year risk

A
  • start TLC when LDL > 130

- goal LDL

42
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with >2 risk factors and 10 year risk 10-20%? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC at LDL > 130

- goal LDL

43
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with CHD or CHD risk equivalents and 10 year risk > 20%? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC at LDL >100

- goal LDL

44
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for CHD Patients

A
  • healthy diet
  • weight reduction
  • increased physical activity
45
Q

What symptoms might a patient presenting with MI complain of?

A
  • chest heaviness/tightness

- pain/discomfort radiating to neck, jaw, upper extremities, epigastrium

46
Q

How is AAA diagnosed?

A
  • pulsatile mass in abdomen
  • spiral CT
  • US is simplest and least expensive –> procedure of choice for screening
47
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of CAD?

A

coronary angiogram

48
Q

Complications of Acute MI

A
  • arrhythmia
  • left ventricular failure
  • cardiogenic shock
  • ventricular septal defect
  • cardiac rupture
  • thromboembolism
  • pericarditis
  • mitral regurg
49
Q

What leads show anterior MI?

A

V1-V4

50
Q

What vessel is affected in anterior MI?

A

LAD (left anterior descending)

51
Q

What leads show lateral MI?

A

-I, aVL, V5-6

52
Q

What vessel is affected in lateral MI?

A

-left circumflex

53
Q

What leads show inferior MI?

A

II, III, aVF

54
Q

What vessel is affected in inferior MI?

A

right coronary

55
Q

What leads show posterior MI?

A

V1-V3

56
Q

Where is the congestion located in right CHF?

A

-dependent areas

57
Q

Where is the congestion located in left CHF?

A

-congestion in lungs

58
Q

Distended neck veins, tender or nontender hepatomegaly, and dependent pitting edema are sxs of?

A

right side CHF

59
Q

DOE is the cardinal sign of?

A

left side CHF

60
Q

Dyspnea/PND/orthopnea, fatigue, mental status changes, HoTN, hepatomegaly, JVD, tachycardia are signs and sxs of?

A

CHF

61
Q

What labs/imaging are done for CHF?

A
  • B-type natriuretic peptide
  • increased creatinine
  • echo to determine ejection fraction and valve abnormalities
62
Q

What signs are seen on CXR in CHF pts?

A
  • Kerley B lines
  • cardiomegaly
  • interstitial edema
  • pleural effusion
  • pulmonary edema
63
Q

Virchow’s Triad

A
  • stasis
  • hypercoagulable state
  • endothelial injury
64
Q

How might DVT present?

A
  • asymptomatic
  • tenderness, warmth, edema
  • skin purple to red
65
Q

How is DVT diagnosed?

A
  • Homan’s sign positive (but not diagnostic)
  • US or venogram
  • D-dimer is sensitive but not specific
66
Q

Tx of DVT

A
  • anticoagulation

- compression stockings

67
Q

Risk Factors for AAA

A
  • male
  • HTN, hyperlipidemia, PAD, COPD
  • smoking
  • age, FHx
68
Q

How is AAA diagnosed?

A
  • pulsatile mass in abdomen
  • spiral CT
  • US is simplest and least expensive –> procedure of choice for screening
69
Q

How might a AAA present?

A
  • shock, pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal or back pain TRIAD = rupture of AAA
  • tachycardia
  • HoTN
  • anemia
  • flank contusion (Grey-Turner sign)

SAPE October 2015 (12 decks)

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