Cards

Question 1

This causes a man to have hemoptysis, non-healing ulcer and chronic purulent nasal discharge? How would you tx this man?

Answer 1

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s); tx with cyclophosphamide and steroids

Question 2

This is considered diagnostic of occlusive PAD

Answer 2

ABI of less than 0.90

Question 3

This is the age when men with a history of smoking should get screened for AAA

Answer 3

65-75

Question 4

What has the highest association with stroke

Answer 4

hypertension (4x risk of stroke)

Question 5

This causes a patient to experience heart failure, arrhythmias, embolization, constitutional symptoms, and an early to mid-diastolic rumble with a mass found in echo. This is the next management.

Answer 5

myxomas; surgical resection

Question 6

Correcting this risk factors for CAD has the most immediate benefit

Answer 6

Smoking

Question 7

This is the most common arrhythmia after a sudden cardiac arrest, with 50% occur within the first hour of symptom onset.

Answer 7

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 8

This is the pathophysiologic mechanism of the arrhythmia that caused a 47 year old with an acute MI within 10 minutes of the episode and causing syncope

Answer 8

Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias

Question 9

This is the tx for a 47 yo patient who has early signs of diabetes and an LDL of 140.

Answer 9

Lifestyle modification and statin tx

Question 10

These are the four indications for starting statin tx.

Answer 10

1) Clinically significant atherosclerotic dx (like ACS, stroke, PAD, or TIA)
2) LDL greater than 190
3) age 40-75 with DM
4) estimated 10 yr ASCVD risk greater than 7.5

Question 11

These 3 things are vasospastic disorders.

Answer 11

Raynaud’s phenom, Variant angina, and migraines

Question 12

This is used to treat variant angina

Answer 12

calcium channel blockers or nitrates

Question 13

This is the most common anatomical site of origin for a patient showing irregularly irregular rhythms.

Answer 13

pulmonary veins

Question 14

These conditions are related to the process when a patient’s arterial blood pressure drops greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration.

Answer 14

cardiac tamponade, asthma, COPD

Question 15

This cardiac rhythm problem is an accessory pathway that conducts depolarization directly from the atria to teh ventricles without tranversing the AV node.

Answer 15

Wolf-Parkinson-White

Question 16

This is used to treat a patient with a hx of Wolf-P-White presenting with AFib and who is hemo-stable. This is used if pt was hemo-unstable

Answer 16

Rhythm control with IV procainamide. Cardiovert if unstable

Question 17

These drug tx should be avoided in a patient who is having SVT and VTach with an EKG showing delta waves.

Answer 17

adenosine, beta blocker, CCBs

Question 18

This three symptoms are related to aortic regurg.

Answer 18

angina, syncope, SOB

Question 19

This drug can be used to offset the drug that causes peripheral edema.

Answer 19

ACE inhibitor since it causes post-cap venodilation and can normalize the increased cap hydrostatic pressure caused by DHP CCBs (the -pine’s)

Question 20

This is the process of Kussmaul’s sign

Answer 20

Increase in JVD with inspiration

Question 21

This is the standard tx for STEMI

Answer 21

NOBASH (nitrate, oxygen, beta block, aspirin, statin, heparin)

Question 22

These elevations are usually seen in a RV MI in EKG.

Answer 22

II, III, aVF (inferior leads since the RCA feeds inferior wall usually) as well as V4-6R

Question 23

This scale is used to determine if a patient needs anticoag in AFib. A score of this leads to anticoag

Answer 23

CHADS2 (CHF, HTN, Age greater than 75, DM, Stroke or TIA). Score of 1 is preferred. Score of 2 is required.

Question 24

This type of disease is associated with a “string of beads” on angiography and with hypertension in children with a bruit or hum in the costovertebral angle

Answer 24

fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 25

This type of shock is seen when the wedge pressure increases after saline infusion but no change to the BP after an accident.

Answer 25

Cardiogenic

Question 26

A fourth heart sound indicates this.

Answer 26

Reduced ventricular compliance (a stiff wall)

Question 27

An early and decrescendo diastolic murmur right after A2 (aortic component of second heart sound) and also high pitched and blowing indicates this.

Answer 27

Aortic regurg

Question 28

Reversed splitting (when A2 follows P2) is seen with this.

Answer 28

Fixed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (aortic stenosis, LBBB, R ventricular paced rhythm)

Question 29

This causes an increase in the venous blood return to the right side of the heart. Therefore, right-sided murmurs generally increase in intensity during this.

Answer 29

Inhalation (The increased volume of blood entering the right sided chambers of the heart restricts the amount of blood entering the left-sided chambers of the heart. This causes left-sided murmurs to generally decrease in intensity during inspiration)

Question 30

Beta blockers aren't used in cocaine-induced MI because of this.

Answer 30

causes unopposed alpha adrenergic stimulation and worsens coronary vasoconstriction

Question 31

A patient with atrophic nasal mucosa, dilated pupils and T wave inversion in V4-6 should be treated with this.

Answer 31

Benzodiazepines and oxygen

Question 32

A 6 year old with a rash and joint pain who has tender ankles and wrists, 101 temp, and a previous sore throat should have taken this for prevention.

Answer 32

Penicillin

Question 33

Migratory arthritis, carditis, subcuaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and sydenham chorea are signs of this.

Answer 33

Acute rheumatic fever (JONES)

Question 34

An evanescent pink rash with sharp edges is called this.

Answer 34

erythema marginatum

Question 35

A patient who had radiation and chemo or cardiac surgery who had elevated JVP, Kussmaul sign, ascites, hepatomegaly, and pitting edema may have this.

Answer 35

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 36

These drugs cause hyperkalemia.

Answer 36

Beta blockers, ACE/ARBs, Digoxin, NSAIDs, K-sparing diuretics

Question 37

HACEK (Haemophilus aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter Kingella, Cardiobacterium homin, E correden, Kingella kingae) are organisms that can cause this.

Answer 37

infective endocarditis