Care for the patient with psychiatric disorder. Flashcards
Give example of Neurosis?
People with Neurosis have insight that they have a psychiatric problem.
People exhibit poor self esteem and have social relationships that are compared by various complaints.
What are the common complaints for people with Neurosis?
nervousness, emotional upset, compulsions, obsessiveness, and phobias.
Give a example of Pyschosis?
Out of touch with reality and has sever personality deterioration, impaired perception, and judgement.
What is Delirium?
A rapid change in consciousness that occurs over a short time
What are the causes of Delirium?
Physical illnesses, such as fever, heart failure, pneumonia,azotemia,or malnutrition, drug intoxication, and anesthesia.
What are the treatments for Delirium?
Determine the cause and correct it.
If the cause is a homeostatic problem then the treatment should be focus on whats causing the imbalance.
If the the cause is chemical agents then, the chemicals should be with drawn or dosage reduced.
What are the signs and symptoms of Delirium?
reduced awareness, an attention to surroundings, disorganized thinking, sensory misinterpretation, and irrelevant speech. Sleep disturbance
How might the nurse handle the patient who is delirious/dementia?
Nursing interventions. Reality orientation techniques Decrease sensory stimuli Provide for Safety adequate nutrition self- care support
Reality to orientation
Place a large clock and calendar in view, keep curtains opened and light on during the day, and use calm, supportive approach.
Decrease sensory stimuili
Do not expose patient to crowds, give instructions one step at a time, and keep in simple terms.
Provide for safety
place bed in lowest position, side rails useful to aid patient in turning. ensure that hall way rails, chair, and bed alarms, call light is with in reach. place personal articles with in reach. ensure sufficient night lighting.
Adequate nutrion
Reduce distractions during dining, such as television. encourage sacks if patient is unable to eat sufficient amount at one time, monitor weight monthly . have pt family bring favorite foods.
Self care support
assist as needed with adls and toileting , encourage mobility and other activities that use large muscle groups with activities
What drugs might result in delirium?
Pain drugs (narcotics) Sleep medications (benzodiazepines, hypnotics) Medications for mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression Allergy medications (antihistamines) Asthma medications Steroid medicines called corticosteroids Parkinson's disease drugs Drugs for treating spasms or convulsions
Give example of disorganized thinking?
Having delusional thoughts about what haven’t happen and what has happened in the past.
What is dementia?
A altered mental state state secondary to cerebral disease.
What are the causes of dementia?
Dementia involves damage of nerve cells in the brain, which can occur in several areas of the brain. Dementia affects people differently, depending on the area of the brain affected.
What are the signs and symptoms of dementia?
Memory loss, which is usually noticed by a spouse or someone else
Difficulty communicating or finding words
Difficulty reasoning or problem-solving
Difficulty handling complex tasks
Difficulty with planning and organizing
Difficulty with coordination and motor functions
Confusion and disorientation
What are the treatments of Dementia.
Dementia is a slow progressive loss of intellectual function that is often irreversible.
What are the most common dementia diseases?
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Second is vascular dementia.
What are the two key nursing interventions in caring for a patient with dementia?
aide and preserve dementia patients eating skills, trigger their attention and physical interaction with food, as well as, enabling them to eat at their own pace.
Why is good lightening important for patients with dementia?
People with dementia need good lightening to make since of their environment.
Why should a patient with dementia weight be monitored?
Patients with dementia often experience difficulties with eating.
Schizophrenia
Bizarre, non–reality-based thinking
causes of Schizophrenia
poor mother child relationship, brain tissue changes, left ventricles is larger then the right ventricle,and the cerebral cortex is smaller then usual. Neurotransmitter dopamine is excessive in the brain.
What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?
Distortion of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawal from social interaction, disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction.
What are the treatments of Schizophrenia?
Treatment for Schizophrenia involves a number of psychotherapies to allow the individual self expression, anti-psychotic drug therapy to control symptoms, and a therapeutic relationship maintained over the years to provide continuity for the individual with life long illness.
