caregiver- infant interactions

Question 1

animals are precocial
what is meant by precocial ?

Answer 1

born at an advanced stage of development

Question 2

if animals are precocial what are humans ?
what does this mean ?

Answer 2

humans are altricial
- born at an early stage of development

Question 3

definition of attachment ?

Answer 3

long-lasting , 2 way, emotional tie to a specific person
- normally develops between a parent and a child

Question 4

when ado you know if an attachment has developed ?

Answer 4

• the infant shows stranger anxiety
• separation protest

Question 5

what are attachment bonds characterized by ?

Answer 5

• infants desire to keep close proximity to the adult
• distress if separated from that person
• adult gives the infant a sense of security

Question 6

Klaus and Kennell

Answer 6

supports the importance of physical contact as it suggests that greater physical contact leads to stronger and closer bonds

Question 7

Meltzoff and Moore

Answer 7

found that infants aged 2-3 weeks tended to mimic adults specific facial expressions and hand movements , supporting the idea that infant mimicry is an innate ability to aid the formation of attachments

Question 8

Papousek

Answer 8

found that the tendency to use a rising tone to show an infant that it was their turn in their interaction was cross-cultural as American. Chinese and German mothers all exhibited the behaviour
- suggests that the caregiverese is an innate biological device to facilitate the formation of attachments

Question 9

Condon and Sandler

Answer 9

analysed frame by frame video recordings of infants movements to find they co-ordinated their actions in sequence with adults speech to form a kind of turn-taking conversation supporting the idea of interactional synchrony

Question 10

what is a practical application of Klaus & Kennell’s findings ?

Answer 10

hospitals placed mothers and babies in the same room in the days following birth , rather than the previous practice of rooming them apart to encourage the formations of attachments

Question 11

why did Durkin criticise Klaus & Kennel’s findings ?

Answer 11

because the findings may be due not because of increased physical contact but instead due to greater attention given to the mothers who were unmarried and poor

Question 12

why has caregiverese been crticised in its role in the formation of attachments ?

Answer 12

because it has been used by adults to all infants , not just those they have an attachment with. which suggests that although in usage aids communication between the adults and infants it cannot be claimed to specifically help form attachments

Question 13

why has it been suggested that interactional synchrony is not essential for attachments ?

Answer 13

because interactional synchrony is not found in all cultures