Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Restorative > Caries Basics: Enamel homeostasis and the development of caries > Flashcards

Caries Basics: Enamel homeostasis and the development of caries Flashcards

1
Q

What ways can tooth minerals be lost by acids

A

Caries
Gustatory acids
Dietary sources
Erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What ways can tooth mechanical wear cause the loss of tooth minerals

A

Attrition
Abfraction
Abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are caries

A
  • Loss of tooth substance by metabolically produced acids
  • Bacterial disease
  • Many influences
  • Saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are primary caries

A

Lesions on unrestored surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are secondary caries

A

Recurrent - adjacent to fillings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are residual caries

A

Demineralised tissue left behind before a filling is placed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are active caries

A

Considered to be progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are arrested caries

A

No longer progressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a white spot lesion

A

The is the first visible sign by the naked eye, usually visible with strong white light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a brown spot lesion

A

Usually indicative of an inactive white spot lesion discoloured by the uptake of dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are rampant caries

A

Multiple active carious lesions in the same patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are hidden caries

A

These are usually in dentin and only detectable by radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 zones of a white spot lesion

A

1 - Surface Layer
2 - Body of Lesion
3 - Dark Zone
4 - Translucent zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is kinda mad about the surface zone of white spot lesions

A

Most of the demineralisation begins to occur at a subsurface level, leaving the surface zone relatively unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Write down the reaction that occurs between hydroxyapatite and acid

A

Hydroxyapatite + 8H+ =

10Ca2+ + 6HPO4,2- + 2H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the functions of saliva

A
  • Neutralises organic acids
  • Inhibits demineralisation/ enhances remineralisation
  • Recycles ingested fluoride to the mouth
  • Discourages bacterial growth
  • Proteins sustain enamel surface
  • Protects tissue
  • Enhances taste
  • Lubricates food
  • Facilitates removal of carbohydrates
17
Q

If oral pH moves to 4 does saliva levels increase or decrease

A

Increase significantly

18
Q

How does salivary proteins affinity for Ca2+ change when the pH becomes more acidic

A

The affinity fo Ca2+ decreases significantly and more free calcium is released into the mouth

19
Q

What are the benefits of saliva acting as a source of calcium and phohsphate

A
  • Prevent enamel dissolution
  • Enable remineralisation of initial carious lesions
  • Disadvantage: possibility of unwanted
20
Q

What is a normal Ca2+ conc

A

12.5 ppm

21
Q

What can cause xerostemia

A
  • Autoimmune
  • Head and neck radiotherapy
  • Salivary gland disease
  • Medication
  • Aplasia of salivary glands
22
Q

Name some types of drugs that can cause xerostemina

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Anti-psychotics
  • Antihistaminics
  • Diuretics
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-histamines
  • Anti-epileptic
  • Anti-hypertensive
23
Q

How does xerostemia affect the stephan curve

A

The pH drops a little lower than the normal one and then takes significantly longer to recover back to a resting pH.

24
Q

What kinds of proteins are directly related to tissue maintenance

A

Proline-rich proteins
Histidine-rich proteins
Cysteine containing proteins
Tyrosine rich proteins

25
Q

What therapies are there for cariology

A

Smart molecular therapies
Non-surgical intervention
Make more natural saliva
Mimic functions of saliva

Want to be minimally invasive in cariology treatment and more therapeutic than surgical

26
Q

What is the role of statherin in the saliva

A

This is a calcium binding protein that acts as a calcium reservoir that releases calcium at certain pHs to minimise tooth demineralisation

27
Q

What functions of salivary proteins are relevant to cariology

A
  • HAP binding
  • Inhibition of spontaeneous precipitation
  • Inhibition of secondary precipitation
  • Ca binding
  • Bacterial binding - Histatins, Statherins, Cystatines
28
Q

How do caries protecting proteins act

A
  • Stabilization of calcium phosphate in solution, preventing spontaneous precipitation
  • Preventing mineral deposits onto tooth surfaces, possibly by covering crystallization sites, and by binding Ca

Adult Restorative (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions