Cariology

Question 1

What is Dental Caries

Answer 1

Biofilm-mediated
Sugar-driven
Multifactorial
Dynamic Disease

Question 2

4 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES

Answer 2

Host
Substrate
Presence of Oral Bacteria (In the biofilm)
Time

Question 3

ETIOLOGY OF DENTAL CARIES

Answer 3

Worm Theory
Chemical Theory
Parasitic or Septic Theory
Humoral Theory
Vital Theory
Chemico-Parasitic Theory
Proteolytic Theory
Protelysis Theory

Question 4

PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS

Answer 4

Predominance cariogenic of bacteria in biofilm
Sub-normal saliva flow and/or functions
Frequent Eating/Drinking of Fermentable Carbohydrates
Poor Oral Hygiene

Question 5

PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Answer 5

Predominance of non-cariogenic bacteria
Increased of saliva flow and composition
Frequent exposure to flouride
Good Oral Hygiene

Question 6

WHAT IS CHEMICAL THEORY

Answer 6

Robertson 1834 - Dental caries was caused by chemical disintegration of the teeth.
- It was believed that putrefaction of protein led to formation of ammonia which was subsequently oxidized to nitric acid

Question 7

WHAT IS WORM THEORY?

Answer 7

• Bore a hole through the teeth
• Hid beneath the surface
• Drank Blood of teeth
• Fed on the roots of the jaws

Question 8

WHAT IS PARASITIC OR SEPTIC THEORY?

Answer 8

Erdl and Ficinus - said that filamentous microorganisms caused the decomposition of the teeth.

Question 9

EARLY (EXOGENOUS THEORY)

Answer 9

• Legend of Worm or Worm Theory
• Chemical Theory
• Parasitic or Septic Theory

Question 10

THEORIES (ENDOGENOUS THEORIES)

Answer 10

• Humoral Theory

- Vital Theory

Question 11

WHAT IS HUMORAL THEORY?

Answer 11

• 4 Elemental Fluid (Body-blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, and Yellow bile)
• Imbalanced of the 4 humors determine the person’s physical and mental constituent

Question 12

WHAT IS VITAL THEORY?

Answer 12

• Proposed by Hippocrates, Celsus, Galen, and Auicenna

- Postulated that tooth decay originated like bone gangrene from within the tooth itself.

Question 13

WHAT IS CHEMICO-PARASITIC THEORY?

Answer 13

• Said that caries is caused by acid produce by oral bacteria following fermentation of sugar.
• Consist of 2 stages:
  Decalcification of enamel, destruction of dentin (Preliminary Stage)
  Dissolution of the softened residue of enamel and dentin (Subsequent stage)

Question 14

ACIDOGENIC

Answer 14

Acid Environment or Acid Surrounding

Question 15

ACIDOPHILIC

Answer 15

Acid Loving

Question 16

WHAT IS PROTEOLYTIC THEORY?

Answer 16

Heider and Bodecker - said that organic portion of the tooth serves as pathways for advancing. Microorganisms causing demineralization of the teeth and therefore dental caries.

• Gottlieb
• Pincus

Question 17

WHAT IS PROTEOLYSIS?

Answer 17

• SCHATZ 1955
• dental caries is a bacterial destruction of organic components of enamel and the breakdown products of this components have chelating properties dissolving the minerals in enamel.
• This simultaneous microbial degradation of organic component by proteolysis and dissolution of inorganic part by chelation.

Question 18

Plaque - Susceptible Host - Fermentable Carbohydrates - Acid Production - Demineralization

Answer 18

W.D MILLER (CHEMICO-PARASITIC THEORY)

Question 19

• Tooth bore a whole through your teeth
• Hid beneath the surface
• Drank Blood of teeth
• Fed on the roots of jaws

Answer 19

WORM THEORY

Question 20

• Bone like Gangrene

Answer 20

VITAL THEORY

Question 21

Name of the disease

Answer 21

DENTAL CARIES

Question 22

Consists of 2 stages:

• Decalcification of enamel, destruction of dentin (Preliminary Stage)
• Dissolution of the softened residue of enamel and dentin (Subsequent Stage)

Answer 22

CHEMICO-PARASITIC THEORY (MILLER 1890)

Question 23

• Body-Blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, and Yellow Bile

Answer 23

HUMORAL THEORY

Question 24

First one to recognized the organic matrix enamel

Answer 24

Ficinus

Question 24

First one to recognized the organic matrix enamel

Answer 24

Ficinus

Question 25

Caries is caused by acids produce by oral bacteria following the fermentation of sugar

Answer 25

CHEMICO-PARASITIC THEORY

Question 26

Organic portion of the tooth serves as pathways for advancing

Answer 26

PROTEOLYTIC THEORY

Question 27

Suggest that initial lesion of the carious process is due to the proteolytic enzymes attacking the lamallae, rod sheaths, tufts, and walls of tubules.

Answer 27

GOTTLIEB in 1944 (PROTEOLYTIC THEORY)

Question 28

Proposed that the first step in the carious process is the breakdown of dental cuticle

Answer 28

PINCUS in 1949 (PROTEOLYTIC THEORY)

Question 29

WHAT IS PROTEOLYSIS-CHELATION THEORY?

Answer 29

Dental caries destruction of organic components of enamel and the breakdown products of the components have chelating properties dissolving the minerals in enamel.