Carotid 2

Question 1

Decrease/cessation of flow due to plaque

Answer 1

atherothrombotic

Question 2

loss of blood flow d/t stenosis/occlusion

Answer 2

ischemia

Question 3

cardiac function compormised, causes emobolism resulting in ischemia

Answer 3

cardiogenic

Question 4

death of brain tissue due to bloackage or artery in brain

Answer 4

lacunar infarction

Question 5

The second most common cause of cerebrovascular insufficiency is

Answer 5

hemorrhage

Question 6

hemorrhage can be caused by:

Answer 6

HTN, trauma, ruptured aneurysm

Question 7

With atherosclerosis, arteries _____

Answer 7

harden and become less elastic. creates narrowing in vessel

Question 8

Form of arteriosclerosis, focal accumulation of plaque

Answer 8

atherosclerosis

Question 9

obstruction

Answer 9

embolism

Question 10

slow moving platelets/RBC sticking together

Answer 10

thrombosis

Question 11

narrowing of vessel

Answer 11

stenosis

Question 12

dilation of vessel

Answer 12

aneurysm

Question 13

tear in intima creating false lumen

Answer 13

dissection

Question 14

What are some anterior circulation effects (ICA, CCA, ECA)?

Answer 14

uni. paresis, uni. paresthesia, dysphasia and aphasia, behavioral symptoms, amaurosis fugax

Question 15

Posterior circulation effects (vertebral)?

Answer 15

vertigo, ataxia, bil. blurry vision, diplopia (double vision) bil. paresthesia

Question 16

low levels echoes along intima

Answer 16

fatty streaks

Question 17

low to mid level echoes created by lipid, collagen, and elastic fibers

Answer 17

fibrous plaque

Question 18

all levels of echogenicity caused by fibrous tissue, collagen, calcifcations

Answer 18

complex plaque

Question 19

smooth border deteriorating (pieces can break off)

Answer 19

ulcerative lesion

Question 20

hypoechoic/anechoic area within plaque, may be indicative for rupture

Answer 20

intraplaque hemmorahge

Question 21

50% diameter reduction =

Answer 21

75% cross sectional reduction

Question 22

increased velocities unilateral CCA can mean

Answer 22

stenosis on contralateral side

Question 23

diminished velocities unilateral means

Answer 23

proximal disease CCA or innominate