Carotid

Question 1

aphasia

Answer 1

inability to express oneself, dominant hemisphere, usually left

Question 2

dysphasia

Answer 2

impairment of speech, lack of coordination, can’t arrange words in proper order

Question 3

dysphagia

Answer 3

difficulty swallowing

Question 4

dysarrthria

Answer 4

imperfect articulation , slurring etc.

Question 5

lateralized paresthesia

Answer 5

tingling, numbness, contralateral hemisphere affected

Question 6

hemiparesis

Answer 6

lateralized weakness, contralateral hemisphere affected

Question 7

hemiplegia

Answer 7

lateralized paralysis, contralateral hemisphere affected

Question 8

amaurosis fugax

Answer 8

transient monocular blindness- ipsilateral carotid artery

Question 9

ataxia

Answer 9

incoordination of muscle movements, contralateral hemisphere affected

Question 10

drop attack

Answer 10

falling down without fainting

Question 11

drop attacks are a type of

Answer 11

VBI = vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Question 12

syncope

Answer 12

being unconscious without losing consciousness

Question 13

syncope

Answer 13

temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure.

Question 14

vertigo

Answer 14

sensation of motion or spinning

Question 15

dizziness

Answer 15

sensation of being off balance

Question 16

diplopia

Answer 16

double vision

Question 17

binocular blindness

Answer 17

transient, bilateral blindness, acute onset

Question 18

4 causes of stroke

Answer 18

cardiac source (emboli)
carotid origin 
cerebral aneurysm rupture
vasospasm- sickle cell anemia
congenital AVM

Question 19

carotid origin

Answer 19

thrombus, emboli, stenosis, occlusion, atherosclerotic stenosis

Question 20

vasospasm can be caused by

Answer 20

sickle cell anemia

Question 21

cerebral aneurysm rupture causes

Answer 21

intracranial hemorrhage

Question 22

intracranial hemorrhage aka

Answer 22

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 23

intracranial aneurysm aka

Answer 23

Berry aneurysm

Question 24

vasospasm usually follows

Answer 24

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 25

brachiocepalic artery aka

Answer 25

innominate

Question 26

distal vertebral arteries form the

Answer 26

basilar artery

Question 27

basilar artery supplies

Answer 27

posterior hemisphere via PCA

Question 28

first branch off aorta

Answer 28

innominate/ brachiocepalic

Question 29

second branch off aorta

Answer 29

LCCA

Question 30

third branch off aorta

Answer 30

left subclavian artery

Question 31

first branch off ICA

Answer 31

ophthalmic artery

Question 32

RCCA branches off

Answer 32

innominate a

Question 33

first branch off ECA

Answer 33

superior thyroid a

Question 34

ICA sits more ___ than the ECA

Answer 34

posterior

Question 35

how to tell the ICA from the ECA

Answer 35

ECA has branches

Question 36

the ECA has ____ branches

Answer 36

extracranial

Question 37

flow pattern in ICA

Answer 37

low res

Question 38

flow pattern in ECA

Answer 38

high res

Question 39

temporal tap

Answer 39

to distinguish ECA

Question 40

sonolucent/echolucent

Answer 40

anechoic

Question 41

velocity changes occur when stenosis becomes

Answer 41

50% or greater

Question 42

vertebral artery flow pattern

Answer 42

low res

Question 43

PSV in vert a

Answer 43

20-70 cm/s

Question 44

retrograde flow in vert a suggests

Answer 44

subclavian steal

Question 45

distal to stenosis

Answer 45

turbulence, tardus parvus

Question 46

prox to stenosis

Answer 46

increased pulsatility, low velocity

Question 47

FMD

Answer 47

fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 48

FMD affects

Answer 48

media of walls, women, renal arteries, ICA

Question 49

FMD appearance

Answer 49

"string of pearls"

Question 50

medial fibroplasia

Answer 50

most common type of FMD

Question 51

prox CCA dissection occurs with

Answer 51

aortic dissection

Question 52

carotid body tumour location

Answer 52

between ICA and ECA, in fork of CCA bif

Question 53

carotid body tumour

Answer 53

slow growing, benign, asymptomatic

Question 54

carotid body tumour aka

Answer 54

chemodectoma, paraganglioma

Question 55

carotid body tumour on US

Answer 55

splaying of ICA, ECA looks like thryoid tissue highly vascular - fed by ECA

Question 56

atherosclerosis affects predominantly

Answer 56

bif

Question 57

prox disease indicated by

Answer 57

rounded waveform, prolonged rise to peak (AT), low amplitude (PSV)

Question 58

re-stenosis of stent caused by

Answer 58

neo-intimal hyperplasia, kinking

Question 59

NASCET

Answer 59

north american symptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials. 1991

Question 60

% stenosis =

Answer 60

100 x [1- (residual lumen/true lumen)]

Question 61

NASCET % stenosis

Answer 61

70% or greater

Question 62

NASCET outcome

Answer 62

symptomatic patients benefitted from CEA

Question 63

ACAS

Answer 63

asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study

Question 64

ACAS % stenosis

Answer 64

60% or greater, asymptomatic males

Question 65

ACAS outcome

Answer 65

reduced stroke risk by 6 % over 5 yrs

Question 66

ACAS for women

Answer 66

no benefit

Question 67

ACAS measurement

Answer 67

residual lumen compared to ICA diameter distal to stenosis