Carpentry and Building Flashcards
The tool that architects use when making scale drawings is called
architect’s scale
What scale is most often used for drawing houses?
A scale of 1/4” = 1’0”
What does a scale of 1/4” = 1’0” represent?
a distance of 1/4” on the drawing represents a distance of 1’0” on the actual house. Example: a tape measure shows a height of 4’ high and 3’ wide. If you drew that window to a scale of 1/4” = 1’0”, its size on the paper would be 1” high and 3/4” wide.
Scale of drawing for 1/4” = 1’
One-forty-eighth size or as a ratio 1:48
show the shape of an object and are used for many other purposes as well.
Lines
are used to indicate the center of an object. They are composed of long and short dashes, alternately and evenly spaced.
Centerlines
Indicate the start and end points of a particular dimension. They have arrowheads at each end. The dimension is written as a break in the middle of the line.
Dimension lines
Connect a note or a reference to part of the drawing. They usually end in an arrowhead or a large, circular dot. Arrowheads should always end at a line. Dots should be within the outline of an object.
Leader Lines
What are the dimensions of 12” x 2” x 1” plank in mm? Hint: One inch = 25.4 mm
- Find out how to calculate
may be solid, freehand lines that indicate short breaks. Full, ruled lines with freehand zigzags are used for long breaks
break lines
Indicate the exposed surface of an object in a sectional view. They are generally full, thin lines, but they may vary with the kind of material shown.
Sectioning Lines
mark the end points of a dimension and should not touch the outline of the object.
Extension Lines
short, evenly spaced dashes that show the hidden features of a part of the drawing. They always begin with a dash in contact with the line from which they start
Hidden Lines
Represent those edges of the object that can be seen
Outlines or Visible Lines
Show sections that would otherwise be hidden. A section is a view that shows an object as if part of it were cut away to expose the inside.
Cutting plane lines or viewing plane lines
Numbers that tell something. Can be determined by using the architect’s scale.
Dimensions
Used to represent things that would be impractical to show in some types of drawings. For example: they are often used to represent doors. windows, electrical receptacles, plumbing fixtures, and heating equipment.
Symbols
A top view. It is also known as a bird’s-eye view. It allows you to see the width, length, and location of objects as if you were standing on a platform high above them and looking down. It is not possible to see the height of an object in this view. There are several types.
Plan View (types included are sit plan, foundation plan, floor plans etc.)
Shows the building lot with boundaries. contours, existing roads, utilities. and other details such as existing trees and nearby buildings. Shows where the driveway will be located, as well as the outline of teh building.
Site plan or plot plan
a top view of the footings and foundation walls. It also shows the location of posts and other elements such as pads needed to support an exterior deck
Foundation Plan
included for each level of the building. They are drawn as if the house were sliced horizontally at a level that would include all doors and window openings. This imaginary slicing is referred to as a cutting plane.
Floor Plans
Drawn as the ceiling would appear in a mirror placed on the floor below it. Show location of lighting fixtures.
Reflected ceiling plans
Show the size, number and spacing of structural elements. Must always specify the sizes and spacing of joists, girders, and columns used to support the floor. Doubled framing around openings and beneath bathroom fixtures is also shown. Detail drawings are added, if necessary, to show the methods of anchoring joists and girders to the foundation walls.
Framing Plans
Drawn like a simplified floor plan, shows the location and type of every electrical feature of the building. These features include switches, ceiling lights, receptacles, and the service panel.
Electrical Plan
Shows the arrangement and location of plumbing and heating features.
Mechanical Plan
Shows the location of existing features such as trees and streams and provides information about new landscaping features that will be added later. Decks are also included in this type of plan.
Landscaping plan
a side view that allows you to see the height and width of objects.
Elevation
Shows one side of the building’s exterior.
An exterior elevation
Provide important information about materials, fastening and support systems, and concealed features. They show how an object looks when “cut” vertically by an imaginary cutting plane. They allow you to see the actual shape of objects as shown from one side.
Section Views
Used when a precise information is needed about a small or complex portion of the building. Such drawings are used whenever the information given in elevations, plans, and sections is not clear enough.
detail drawings
Gives the detail a three-dimensional look
The isometric technique
