carter questions ch. 2-10 (no ch. 8)

Question 1

an image formed by recording a continuous changing signal is know as

Answer 1

analog

Question 2

the arrangement of pixels in rows and columns is known as

Answer 2

matrix

Question 3

the amount of tissue included in the image is

Answer 3

field of view

Question 4

the measurement of the radiation that was incident on the image receptor for a particular exposure is known as

Answer 4

K(ind)

Question 5

the difference between the actual exposure and the target exposure is known as

Answer 5

DI

Question 6

contrast resolution is a digital system’s ability to

Answer 6

show small differences in gray levels

Question 7

true/false: dynamic range is the ability of a digital imaging system to respond to varying levels of exposure

Answer 7

true

Question 8

true/false: spatial resolution in digital imaging is dependent on pixel size

Answer 8

true

Question 9

true/false: the best component in a digital system will determine the resolution in a digital image

Answer 9

false

Question 10

which of the following measures the efficiency of a system to convert the x-ray input signal into a useful output image?

-MTF
-DQE
-exposure latitude
-spatial resolution

Answer 10

DQE

Question 11

The useful signal is determined during which part of the imaging cycle?

Answer 11

image sampling

Question 12

true/false: the Nyquist theorem states that the sampling frequency must be less than twice the frequency of the input signal

Answer 12

false

Question 13

true/false: aliasing occurs when the sampling frequency is not greater than twice the frequency of the input signal

Answer 13

true

Question 14

in digital projection radiography, what process is used to normalize an image that has been taken with too great exposure?

Answer 14

automatic rescaling

Question 15

true/false: The look-up table that is used to determine the brightness and contrast of an image is unique for each anatomic part

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Which processing technique will amplify particular known frequencies in an image while suppressing others?

-edge enhancement
-high-pass filtering
-masking

Answer 16

all of the above

Question 17

true/false: Window width controls the brightness of the image on the display

Answer 17

false

Question 18

true/false: Shuttering the digital image will reduce the exposure to the patient

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Which processing parameter will put together multiple images into one single image for display?

Answer 19

image stitching

Question 20

The active layer in a PSP plate is usually made of phosphors from what family group?

Answer 20

barium fluorohalide

Question 21

Which layer of the PSP plate sends light in a more forward direction when released in the reader?

Answer 21

reflective

Question 22

Which layer of the PSP plate reduces static electricity?

Answer 22

conductive

Question 23

true/false: the barcode label is used by the reader to identify the PSP plate

Answer 23

true

Question 24

The laser excites the electrons trapped in the phosphor centers so that the energy may be released in the form of

Answer 24

light

Question 25

What device in the reader detects the light being released from the PSP plate during reading?

Answer 25

photodetector

Question 26

The PSP plate is erased... -after every PSP plate is read -by flooding it with bright light -manually by selecting the proper eraser method

Answer 26

all of the above

Question 27

true/false: too much mAs will cause quantum mottle

Answer 27

false

Question 28

true/false: if grid lines are present and run parallel to the scanning laser, the image will not have the moire pattern present

Answer 28

false

Question 29

true/false: overexposure will reduce the contrast resolution

Answer 29

true

Question 30

After processing the image, strange artifacts are present that look metallic but are not present on the patient or table. The cause could be...

Answer 30

the cassette was backward

Question 31

true/false: A thorough cleaning of the light guide by the technologist will remove white lines parallel to the plate travel

Answer 31

false

Question 32

true/false: Dark line artifacts can be caused by too much kVp in an exposure

Answer 32

true

Question 33

true/false: The only way to get two overlying images is to double expose the cassette.

Answer 33

false

Question 34

***A photo conductor absorbs _____ and produces ____________

Answer 34

x-rays, electrical charges

Question 35

Which of the following is not considered a scintillator? -gadolinium oxide -cesium iodide -amorphous selenium

Answer 35

amorphous selenium

Question 36

Which of the following is used as a photodetector? --gadolinium oxide -cesium iodide -amorphous selenium -a-Si:H

Answer 36

a-Si:H

Question 37

which of the following are not found in an AMFPI? -a-Si TFT with CsI -a-Se with TFT -PSP -Scintillator

Answer 37

PSP

Question 38

which detectors convert x-ray energy directly into electrons?

Answer 38

a-Se with TFT

Question 39

a gadolinium oxide scintillator is known as what type of phosphor?

Answer 39

turbid, unstructured

Question 40

true/false: Gain calibration will remove inherent detector artifacts form an image

Answer 40

true

Question 41

true/false: Offset correction is used to remove inherent signal that remains in a detector

Answer 41

true

Question 42

what can be done to decrease the change of having image lag occur in the next image?

Answer 42

Increase the amount of time between exposures

Question 43

Which type of absorbing material requires a capacitor as the storage element? -a-Se -photoconductor -scintillator

Answer 43

A-Se and photoconductor

Question 44

A charge-coupled device (CCD) does all of the following except -reduce size of projected light image -transfer the image to a capacitor -convert light into x-ray photons -act as receptors via lenses or fiber optics

Answer 44

convert light into x-ray photons.

Question 45

The amount of electron/hole pairs is related to the amount of

Answer 45

light absorbed

Question 46

The layer in a CCD chip that contains the electron gates is the

Answer 46

polysilicon layer

Question 47

The insulating layer in a CCD chip is the

Answer 47

silicon dioxide layer

Question 48

a system that used scintillators that convert x-rays to light and light to electric charge and stores the charge in capacitors is known as a

Answer 48

CMOS

Question 49

A solid chemical element or compound doped with impurities that make it highly conductive is known as a

Answer 49

semiconductor

Question 50

true/false: most CMOS detectors use both N-type and P-type transistors to form the electrically controlled gate

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Which of the two technologies, CCD or CMOS, is more susceptible to noise, has a lower light sensitivity, uses very little power, and is inexpensive to manufacture?

Answer 51

CMOS

Question 52

A generic term that is used to describe a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data is a

Answer 52

computer

Question 53

how many bits are in a single byte?

Answer 53

8

Question 54

What keeps the radio frequencies generated within the computer electronics from interfering with outside devices?

Answer 54

the case

Question 55

What is the largest circuitry board inside the computer?

Answer 55

motherboard

Question 56

What device runs the startup diagnostics during boot-up of the computer?

Answer 56

BIOS

Question 57

true/false: Random access memory (RAM) will retain stored information after the computer has been shut down

Answer 57

false

Question 58

What is considered the most versatile type of port found on a computer?

Answer 58

USB

Question 59

true/false: The network card is designed to take the brunt of the force during a power surge

Answer 59

false

Question 60

Which of the following are types of computer mice? -infrared -mechanical -optical

Answer 60

all of the above

Question 61

which type of monitor is most common in hospitals

Answer 61

LCD

Question 62

In which type of workstation can changes not be made to the patient demographics of an image set?

Answer 62

review station

Question 63

what does MIMPS stand for?

Answer 63

medical image management and processing system

Question 64

Which PACS device stores the historic image data to be viewed along with current studies?

Answer 64

archive server

Question 65

In which PACS architecture is the archive the central repository for all images?

Answer 65

client/server

Question 66

true/false: in a web-based system, images are sent directly from the modality to a display workstation for image interpretation.

Answer 66

false

Question 67

true/false: Monitor type and configuration is of no concern when implementing a PACS in a radiology department

Answer 67

false

Question 68

What workstation function will allow the user the ability to arrange a certain number of images per monitor per modality?

Answer 68

hanging protocols

Question 69

Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the radiologist to view several different anatomical planes from the original acquired sagittal images?

Answer 69

multiplanar reconstruction

Question 70

Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the technologist to join multiple images together as one?

Answer 70

stitching

Question 71

What part of the archive contains the master database of everything contained within the archive?

Answer 71

image manager

Question 72

What part of the archive contains the physical storage of images within the archive? -image manager -image storage -archive server

Answer 72

both B and C

Question 73

What term is used to describe a layer of archive storage?

Answer 73

tier

Question 74

The term RAID stands for

Answer 74

redundant array of independent disks

Question 75

Which RAID configuration is a special-purpose network of storage devices?

Answer 75

SAN

Question 76

What device will scan an analog x-ray film into a PACS?

Answer 76

film digitizer

Question 77

What do dry imagers use to process the latent image on the film?

Answer 77

heat

Question 78

Which RAID configuration is directly attached to a network?

Answer 78

NAS

Question 79

Which RAID level is often seen in PACS archives?

Answer 79

5

Question 80

Which of the following are considered long-term storage devices? -MOD -DVD -DLT -RAID

Answer 80

all of the above