Cartilage

Question 1

Connective tissue specialized to function as a
supporting or weight-bearing tissue

Answer 1

CARTILAGE

Question 2

It has a firm pliable matrix that resists mechanical
stress.
Acts as template for bone formation

Answer 2

CARTILAGE

Question 3

Three types of cartilage:

Answer 3

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 4

BASIC COMPONENTS of cartilage

Answer 4

PERICHONDRIUM
MATRIX
CARTILAGE CELLS

Question 5

Vascular and supply nutrients to the cell.

Answer 5

PERICHONDRIUM

Question 6

Makes up the ground substance -
Glycosaminoglycans & Proteoglycans
Elastic and Collagen Fibers

Answer 6

MATRIX

Question 7

Cartilage cells within small cavities called

Answer 7

lacunae

Question 8

Chondrogenic Cells, Chondroblast, Chondrocyte

Answer 8

CARTILAGE CELLS

Question 9

Most abundant & template for endochondral bone
formation.
Bluish-gray, semitranslucent, pliable

Answer 9

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 10

Found in Nose & Larynx, Coastal Cartilage, Cartilage
of Larynx (thyroid and cricoid cartilage), Bronchi &
Articulating, Articulating Surface of Joints.

Answer 10

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 11

Yellow in fresh state and opaque.The presence of collagen fibers and elastic

Answer 11

Elastic Cartilage

Question 12

▪ Found in the Pinna of the Ear, Epiglottis, Medial Part
of Auditory tubes.

Answer 12

Elastic Cartilage

Question 13

Very tough and strong but resilient
Has great tensile strength and consider strength.

Answer 13

Fibrocartilage

Question 14

Found in the Pinna of the Ear, Epiglottis, Medial Part
of Auditory tubes.

Answer 14

Elastic Cartilage

Question 15

A highly vascularized living connective tissue in which
the matrix is calcified by the deposition of calcium
phosphates.
It provides shape and support for the body

Answer 15

BONE

Question 16

Protects vital organ and helps transmission of body
weight.
For muscle attachment and levers for locomotion
Involve in erythropoiesis

Answer 16

BONE

Question 17

type of bones

Answer 17

1. COMPACT
2. SPONGY/CANCELLOUS
3. DIPLOIC BONES

Question 18

The very dense bone on the outside
surface made of bony plates arrange compactly.

Answer 18

COMPACT

Question 19

The porous portion lining
the morrow cavity. This is irregular arrangement of
lamellae with spaces called trabeculae/spicules

Answer 19

SPONGY/CANCELLOUS

Question 20

Is made up of inner and outer
tables of compact bone with interval. The interval is
occupied by bone marrow and diploic veins.

Answer 20

DIPLOIC BONES

Question 21

Mineral salts which is 65% of its dry weight.
▪ A substance is formed called hydroxyapatite
crystals. (40 nm x 25 nm x 1.5-3 nm)
▪ Hydration shell is formed that permits ion
exchange with the extracellular fluid.

Answer 21

inorganic component

Question 22

becomes flexible that can be bent like
a rubber.

Answer 22

Decalcified –

Question 23

35% of its dry weight
▪ Type I collagen fibers present.
▪ Acidic polysaccharides are present.
▪ Glycoproteins and Proteoglycan are also present.

Answer 23

organic component

Question 24

Gross classification of bones

Answer 24

1. LONG BONES
2. SHORT BONES
3. FLAT BONES
4. IRREGULAR BONES
5. SESAMOID BONES

Question 25

Gross classification of bones: Has shaft between two heads

Answer 25

LONG BONES

Question 26

Gross classification of bones: Same width and length

Answer 26

SHORT BONES

Question 27

Gross classification of bones: Thin and Plate-like

Answer 27

FLAT BONES

Question 28

Gross classification of bones: Irregular shaped

Answer 28

IRREGULAR BONES

Question 29

Gross classification of bones: Developed within tendon where increase the mechanical advantage for muscle across joints.

Answer 29

SESAMOID BONES

Question 30

ex of flat bone

Answer 30

parietal bone

Question 31

ex irregular bone

Answer 31

vertebra

Question 32

ex of long bone

Answer 32

humerus

Question 33

ex short bones

Answer 33

carpal bones

Question 34

Macroscopic structure

Answer 34

1. Medullary Cavity 2. Bone Marrow 3. Periosteum 4. Endosteum

Question 35

Cylindrical cavity inside the shaft filled with bone marrow

Answer 35

Medullary Cavity

Question 36

Hemopoietic organ

Answer 36

Bone Marrow

Question 37

Connective tissue covering on the external portion of the bone.

Answer 37

Periosteum

Question 38

Lining at the medullary cavity. Lined with monolayer of cells. (osteoprogenitor cells & osteoblast).

Answer 38

Endosteum

Question 39

Bone Cells

Answer 39

1. OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS 2. OSTEOBLAST 3. OSTEOCYTES 4. OSTEOCLAST

Question 40

Undergo mitosis and differentiates into osteoblast. ▪ Appears as flattened cells with slightly staining, elongate, or ovoid nuclei.

Answer 40

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

Question 41

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS The cytoplasm is

Answer 41

inconspicuous acidophilic or slightly basophilic cytoplasm

Question 42

It also function for the maintenance and nutritional support of osteocytes in the underlying matrix.

Answer 42

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

Question 43

Synthesis of organic components of matrix ▪ Its organelles are polarized ▪ It form gap junction from neighboring cells.

Answer 43

OSTEOBLAST

Question 44

Mature bone cells trapped in lacunae. ▪ 20,000 – 30,000/mm3 ▪ Responsible for maintenance of bone matrix. ▪ It has a canaliculi a fine tunnel that contract neighboring cells.

Answer 44

OSTEOCYTES

Question 45

Smaller in size due to reduced perinuclear capsule. ▪ The nucleus is very prominent

Answer 45

OSTEOCYTES

Question 46

Originating from granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. * It is multinucleated cells responsible for resorbing bone.

Answer 46

OSTEOCLAST

Question 47

HOWSHIP’S LACUNAE

Answer 47

1. BASAL ZONE 2. RUFFLED BORDER 3. CLEAR ZONE 4. VASICULAR ZONE

Question 48

Hold most organelles and located farthest from Howship lacuna

Answer 48

BASAL ZONE

Question 49

Cell portion directly involved in cell resorption which forms the sub osteoclastic compartment

Answer 49

RUFFLED BORDER

Question 50

* Immediately surrounding the periphery of the ruffled border. * The presence of actin microfilament forms the actin ring. * Sealing Zone is present.

Answer 50

CLEAR ZONE

Question 51

It has lysosomal enzymes and metalloproteinases. * Between the basal zone and the ruffled border

Answer 51

VASICULAR ZONE