Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

What are the three types of cartilage

Answer 1

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

Question 2

What type of fiber is in hyaline cartilage

Answer 2

type 2 collagen

Question 3

What type of fiber is in elastic cartilage

Answer 3

type 2 collagen plus elastic fibers

Question 4

What type of fiber is in fibrocartilage

Answer 4

type 1 collagen

Question 5

Where can you find elastic cartilage

Answer 5

Head area: ear, epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages, pharyngo-tympanic tubes

Question 6

Where is hylaine cartilage

Answer 6

It is most abundant

nose, upper respiratory passages, costal cartilages, articular cartilages in legs

Question 7

Where is fibrocartilage

Answer 7

Intervertebral discs, Pubis symphis, meniscus of knee, insertion of achilees tendon

Question 8

What is the perichondrium? what are the two layers

Answer 8

layer of dense irregular ct that surrounds catrilage of developing bone. fibrous and chondrogenic layers.

Question 9

What do chondroblasts do

Answer 9

Make cartilage matric

Question 10

What are chondrocytes

Answer 10

The mature cells in lacunae of matrix that have differentiated from perichondrium

Question 11

What are the two kinds of chondrocyte growth in cartilage

Answer 11

appositional or interstitial

Question 12

what is interstitial growth

Answer 12

division of preexsisting chondrocytes.

Question 13

what is appositional growth

Answer 13

from the differnetiation of chondrogenic cells in perichondrium

Question 14

what are isogenous groups

Answer 14

deep groups of 4-8 chondrocytes that are all from a single progenitor cell formed by interstitial growth

Question 15

What differentiates elastic cartilage from hyaline cartialge

Answer 15

Is like hyaline but also has elastic fibers. looks yellowish color

Question 16

Which of the cartilages have a visible perichondrium

Answer 16

Elastic and hyaline not fibrocartilage

Question 17

What is in bone matrix

Answer 17

Osteoid- (35% of weight) type 1 collagen, PGs, GAGs (chondrotin and keratan sulfate)
Hydroxyapetite- (65% of weight) calcium which mineralizes it, making it hard

Question 18

Applied pressure vs applied tension

Answer 18

applied pressure leads to bone resorption, applied tension leads to bone formation

Question 19

What is the periosteum

Answer 19

noncalcified membrane that is on outer surface of all bones except joint of long bones

Question 20

what lines the inside marrow cavities

Answer 20

endosteum

Question 21

What do osteoblasts make? Where are they located?

Answer 21

Make osteoid (organic components) and deposit inorganic components. On the surface of the bone tissue.

Made from osteoprogenitor cells

Question 22

Where are osteocytes located? What is there function

Answer 22

THey are derived from osteoblasts. they sit in lacuna surrounded by bone matrix and help maintain bone matrix

Question 23

how do osteocytes connect to other osteocytes

Answer 23

via gap junctions between cyoplasmic process in canaliculi

Question 24

Are osteoclasts small? mobile?

Answer 24

Big and mobile.

Question 25

DO osteocytes have multiple nuclei or one

Answer 25

Mulitple

Question 26

What is the border between an osteoclast and matrix

Answer 26

RUffled border where enzymes are secreted

Question 27

What is the Howship's lacuna

Answer 27

bone pits formed by the enzymes released by osteoclasrs

Question 28

What molecule is released by osteocytes

Answer 28

Carbanoic anhydrase which releases H+ to help break down hydroxyappetite.

Question 29

Osteoperosis

Answer 29

Estrogen dependent decline in osteoblast activity

Question 30

Rickets

Answer 30

Osteomalacia, disturbance in bone mineralizations due to lack of calcium or vitamin d. can't take up calcium without vitamin d

Question 31

Osteosarcoma

Answer 31

malignant tumorderived form osteoblasts (more common in children) seen in the bones around the knee joint but can metastasize quickly.

Question 32

What is the difference between the Haversian and Volkmanns canal

Answer 32

Haversian are verticle with nutrients | Volkmanns transverse across long axis.

Question 33

Intramembranous bone formation

Answer 33

For flat bones. Mesenchymal condensation

Question 34

What is the type of bone formation for long and short bones

Answer 34

Endochondral bone formation | -hyaline cartilage model

Question 35

Where is the primary center of ossification for Endochondral bone formation

Answer 35

Mid of diaphysis

Question 36

Where is the secondary center of ossification for Endochondral bone formation

Answer 36

In epiphyses. Add cartilage at epihyseal emd and replace with bone on diaphyseal end.

Question 37

What is in the zone of reserve cartilage?

Answer 37

In epiphyseal plate it is the epiphyseal side of the plate. has random inactive chondrocytes.

Question 38

What is the zone of proliferation

Answer 38

chondrocyte proliferation- rapid mitotic division

Question 39

what is the zone of hypertrophy

Answer 39

chondrocytes enlarge

Question 40

what is the zone of calcified matrix

Answer 40

chondrocytes die and cartilage calcified.

Question 41

what is the zone of ossification

Answer 41

osteoblasts elaborate bone matrix on calcified cartilage. makes calcified cartilage- calcified bone complex which is resorbed and replaced by bone.