Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

Compared to bone, cartilage is…

Answer 1

• Lighter
• About half as dense
• More flexible

Question 2

Ground substance is much more _____ than _____ in cartilage.

Answer 2

rigid, loose

Question 3

In cartilage, what do the properties of it depend on?

Answer 3

It depends on the type and abundance of protein fibers and proteoglycan content.

Question 4

What are the different types of cartilage?

Answer 4

1) Elastic
2) Hyaline
3) Fibrocartilage

Question 5

What are the characteristics of elastic cartilage?

Answer 5

• Mostly elastic fibers
• Very flexible
• Has a yellowish appearance

Question 6

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 6

• Outer ear
• Parts of the larynx

Question 7

What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 7

• Has a high concentration of densely packed fine collagen fibers
• Tough & resistant to pressure and friction, but somewhat flexible
• It is the most abundant type of cartilage
• It may become bone by ossification

Question 8

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 8

• Joint surfaces
• “Buttons” of spinous process of vertebrae

Question 9

What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage?

Answer 9

• Contains almost all collagen fibers
• There is little ground substance
• Very tough and durable!

Question 10

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 10

Intervertebral discs

Question 11

True or False: Cartilage is a lowly specialized extracellular matrix.

Answer 11

FALSE - Cartilage is a highly specialized extracellular matrix.

Question 12

Is cartilage avascular or highly vascular?
How are the nutrients supplied?

Answer 12

• Avascular (less blood vessels)
• Nutrients are supplied by diffusion

Question 13

Can cartilage withstand considerable and repetitive stress?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

If cartilage is damaged, how does it heal?

Answer 14

It has limited ability to heal! This is because it’s avascular and lacks blood supply. It also has a limited capacity of chondrocytes that are immobile.

Question 15

_____ is the most rigid of the connective tissues.

Answer 15

Bone

Question 16

What does bone contain?

Answer 16

Cells, collagen fibers, and inorganic matrix.

Question 17

There is a high or low vascular supply in bone?

Answer 17

high!

Question 18

True or False: There is not a considerable metabolic activity in bone.

Answer 18

FALSE - there is a considerable metabolic activity in bone.

Question 19

What are some functions of bone?

Answer 19

1) Support
2) Locomotion
3) Protection
4) Mineral Homeostasis
5) Blood Formation
6) Energy Storage

Question 20

How does bone provide support?

Answer 20

It’s load and stress bearing, but it also allows flexibility for growth.

Question 21

How does bone provide locomotion?

Answer 21

It serves as levers via joints.

Question 22

What does the bone protect?

Answer 22

Protects vital organs

Question 23

What chemicals does mineral homeostasis involve?

Answer 23

Calcium and phosphorous

Question 24

How does bone provide energy storage?

Answer 24

The yellow bone marrow acts as a storage reserve of fatty acids.

Question 25

What are the components (and %) of bone?

Answer 25

1) Inorganic - mainly calcium and phosphorous (60%) 2) Organic - collagen, proteoglycans, and non-collagenous proteins (30%) 3) Water (10%)

Question 26

True or False: Bone is strong, very flexible, and is resistant to shattering.

Answer 26

FALSE - Bone is strong, somewhat flexible, and is resistant to shattering.

Question 27

What are the types of bone and how are they classified? Give examples of each.

Answer 27

1) Flat and irregular (short bones) - Ribs - Skull - Pelvis -Vertebrae - Scapula 2) Long bones - Femur - Tibia - Fibula Bones are classified by their shape.

Question 28

What are the types of bone tissue?

Answer 28

1) Compact (cortical) 2) Spongy (trabecular)

Question 29

What are the characteristics/functions of cortical bone tissue?

Answer 29

- Very dense structure - Provides rigidity and strength to bone - Found at the periphery of bones

Question 30

Is calcium more readily available in compact or spongy bone tissue?

Answer 30

Spongy bone tissue! Calcium is less readily available in compact bone tissue.

Question 31

What are the characteristics/functions of trabecular bone tissue?

Answer 31

- Has a network of struts/thick netting - Found in the vertebrae, flat bones, and ends of long bones

Question 32

Is the organization of bone tissue highly or poorly organized?

Answer 32

Highly organized

Question 33

What is an osteoblast?

Answer 33

A cell that will produce new bone

Question 34

What is an osteocyte?

Answer 34

A mature bone cell within the mineralized matrix.

Question 35

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 35

They are multinucleated and are involved in bone resorption (breakdown) and remodeling.

Question 36

What are chondrocytes?

Answer 36

Mature cartilage cells

Question 37

What surrounds the osteocyte?

Answer 37

The lacuna

Question 37

What are bone lining cells?

Answer 37

Inactive cells on bone surface