Cartilage And Bone

Question 1

Which of the following cells is most likely responsible for synthesis of osteoid tissue

Answer 1

Osteoblasts

Question 2

Which process does not occur in adult bones

Answer 2

Modeling

Question 3

Which cell is most likely stimulated by parathyroid hormone

Answer 3

Osteoclasts

Question 4

New bone formed at the fracture site is most likely what kind of bone

Answer 4

Woven bone

Question 5

In response to hypercalcemia, which of the following hormones and cells are most likely to increase in activity

Answer 5

Calcitonin

Osteoblasts

Question 6

During bone remodeling, cells lining the osteons switch from one type to another type. Which of the following switches most likely occurs when a resorption cavity switches to a forming osteon.

Answer 6

Osteoclasts to osteoblasts

Question 7

An excessive production of growth hormone in adult animals is most likely to cause what disease

Answer 7

Acromegaly

Question 8

What cell type is responsible for transporting nutrients from the Haversian canal to the periphery of an osteon

Answer 8

Endothelium

Question 9

Osteoclasts have their origin from

Answer 9

Monocytes

Question 10

Which cell type would line the Haversian canal of a resorption cavity

Answer 10

Osteoclasts

Question 11

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the periosteum will differentiate into what cell at a fracture site if u fail to maintain blood flow

Answer 11

Chondroblast

Question 12

Mesenchymal (stem) cells in the periosteum at a fracture site will differentiate into which of the following cell types if the blood supply is not maintained

Answer 12

Chondroblasts

Question 13

Cartilage is harder than CT due to what

Answer 13

chondromucoid matrix

Question 14

3 types of cartilage

Answer 14

hyaline (most prevalent)
elastic
fibrous

Question 15

which two types of cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium

Answer 15

hyaline and fibrous

Question 16

Where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 16

most long bones in the fetus and young animals
articular cartilage in adult bones
walls of respiratory passages( nose, trachea, larynx, bronchioles )

Question 17

hyaline cartilage contains what type of collagen

Answer 17

type 2 collagen

Question 18

Two cell types in cartilage

Answer 18

Chrondroblasts

Chrondrocyte

Question 19

This cell type is found in growing cartilage

Answer 19

Chrondoblast

Question 20

Actively forms the matrix of cartilage that surrounds the perimeter of the cell

Answer 20

chondroblast

Question 21

After cartilage formation is complete, the chondroblast becomes a less active cell

Answer 21

chondrocyte

Question 22

chondrocytes lie in a space called a __

Answer 22

lacuna

Question 23

The major cartilage collagen is

Answer 23

type 2

Question 24

Where is elastic cartilage located

Answer 24

epiglottis, ear, auditory tube

Question 25

you can stain elastic cartilage with what

Answer 25

van gieson or weigert elastic stain

Question 26

How is fibrous cartilage similar to dense connective tissue

Answer 26

it contains type 1 collagen fibers

Question 27

where is fibrous cartilage found

Answer 27

intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, insertions of some tendons

Question 28

What is the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage

Answer 28

Interstitial is within tissue- results from cell division of preexisting chondrocytes Appositional growth is on the surface of tissue- chondroblasts deposit collagen or matrix on surface of preexisting cartilage

Question 29

Functions of bone

Answer 29

protection, movement, electrolyte balance, blood formation

Question 30

bone forming cell

Answer 30

osteoblasts

Question 31

What cell synthesizes osteiod (type 1 collagen and ground substance)

Answer 31

osteoblasts

Question 32

osteoblasts differentiate from

Answer 32

mesenchymal stem cells

Question 33

osteoprogenitor cells can differentiate into osteoblasts. what stimulates this

Answer 33

stress and fractures

Question 34

mature osteoblasts surrounded by their own matrix, enclosed in lacunae.

Answer 34

osteocyte

Question 35

function of osteocyte

Answer 35

maintain bone density and blood concentration of calcium and phosphate

Question 36

what kind of junctions are present to provide communication between osteocytes

Answer 36

gap junctions

Question 37

osteocytes are interconnected by slender channels called

Answer 37

canaliculi

Question 38

function of osteoclasts

Answer 38

bone resorption and remodeling

Question 39

osteoclasts lie in pits called

Answer 39

howship's lacunae

Question 40

bone grows by interstitial or appositional? why

Answer 40

appositional , cells cannot multiply in a calcified matrix

Question 41

compact vs spongy bone

Answer 41

compact bone is arranged in haversian systems | spongy bone has a trabecular appearance and found in interior of bone

Question 42

what is the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification

Answer 42

endochondral- bone develops from a preexisting model of hyaline cartilage

Question 43

this hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulated overall growth of the body, especially that of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 43

growth hormone

Question 44

excessive growth hormone during growing years causes what

Answer 44

giantism

Question 45

excessive growth hormone during adult years causes

Answer 45

acromegaly

Question 46

deficiency of growth hormone during growing years causes

Answer 46

dwarfism

Question 47

decrease in bone mass associated with a normal ratio of mineral to matrix results from decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption, or both

Answer 47

osteoporosis

Question 48

osteoporosis commonly occurs in:

Answer 48

old age, postmenopausal women, and immobile patients

Question 49

results from calcium deficiency in adults ; characterized by deficient calcification of newly formed bone and already formed bone

Answer 49

osteomalacia

Question 50

results from calcium deficiency (vitamin d deficiency is the common cause) in children, characterized by deformed epiphyseal plates

Answer 50

rickets

Question 51

genetic disorder characterized by heavy bones due to defective osteoclastic activity

Answer 51

osteopetrosis

Question 52

What permits connection between the Haversian canal and lacuna ?

Answer 52

Canaliculi

Question 53

Epiphyseal plate is also known as

Answer 53

Growth plate

Question 54

What are some examples of where Intramembranous ossification happen

Answer 54

Flat bones of skull Pelvic girdle Part of scapula

Question 55

Growth plates are only in

Answer 55

Immature animals

Question 56

Different zones of the epiphyseal(growth) plates

Answer 56

From epiphysis to diaphysis : Zone of reserved cartilage (randomly arranged Chondrocytes, no proliferation ) Zone of proliferation (Chondrocytes undergo diffusion and are organized into columns) Zone of hypertrophy(Chondrocytes and lacunae are enlarged) Zone of calcification (matrix begins to mineralized,Chondrocytes die) Zone of ossification (osteoblasts deposit osteoid on cartilage)